QCE: you've got that wrong. In Canada, anyone who uses the term "professional engineer" or any derivation thereof (i.e. even just "engineer", or "sales engineer", "project engineer" or the like) without a license to practice professional engineering, is subject to enforcement under the provincial Acts, which are the law of the land.
So here, you need a LICENSE to call yourself an engineer, period. Whether you have a degree in engineering or not is irrelevant. An engineering graduate, Canadian or otherwise, can't even call themselves an "engineer in training" unless they pay fees to the regulatory body and enroll in their EIT program. But having a business card which says "John Doe, B.A.Sc. (chemical engineering)" is not against the rules.
But you DO NOT need a license, a degree, or even a functioning cranium to get a job as an engineer, doing engineering work, in Canada! All you need is a boss dumb enough to hire you!
Huh? How does that work?
Unlike in the USA, where there is a general exemption from licensure for all engineers in "industry", in Canada there are only narrow exceptions from licensure specifically for persons working on their employer's means of production (i.e. toolmakers and millwrights making non-structural modifications to their employer's assembly line etc.). The actual exemption rules are not rigorously followed because of our proximity to the US and its GENERAL exemption from licensure, and the licensure bodies are pretty toothless on the enforcement side- though they do hang a few of the worst offenders in the Blue Pages every few months to keep people on their toes.
Companies can also obtain (i.e. are required to obtain) Certificates of Authorization to practice professional engineering, in which case all a firm needs is one licensed professional engineer willing to take professional responsibility for the engineering work done by the firm (i.e. a "patsy"!) and BINGO! you can hire a hundred highschool dropouts as your engineering workforce!
That's why, in a practical sense, the Canadian P.Eng. license is basically a license to do NOTHING, and more than 50% of Canadian graduates and ~ 80% of engineering immigrants to Canada practice without a license. The P.Eng. is a license to pay fees and accept career-terminating responsibility for your work, in return for NOTHING- no exclusive scope of practice, no effective enforcement against the non-licensed, and usually no more pay. I work shoulder to shoulder with non-licensed engineers and non-engineers who do the same work that I do for the same pay, but have less personal liability for the consequences of their work. It makes me scratch my head every time I write the cheque for my yearly licensure fees!
Many engineering immigrants to Canada are clamouring to get P.Eng. licenses, because they think that it's merely the lack of this license which prevents them from finding work. But in fact, the license is neither required to find work as an employee engineer, nor is it any guarantee of employment once you have one.
In fact, it's not the lack of the license, but rather the massive oversupply of engineers to Canada which is preventing them from finding work. See
if you haven't seen the stats for Canada yet, and you'll see what I'm talking about.
All the P.Eng. does for these people is to demonstrate to prospective employers that someone more knowledgeable than them has reviewed this person's transcripts and work experience and determined that this person is fit to practice professional engineering- they're not some charlatan masquerading as an engineer, or some technician or technologist looking for an instant "upgrade" via immigration. Believe me, amongst the tens of thousands of brilliant, qualified and experienced (and mostly unemployed) recent immigrant engineers here in Canada, there are more than a few of this latter category spoiling things for the rest.