The 1953 AASHO Specifications list:
Compacted sand, earth, gravel or ballast 120 lbs/cu. ft.
(a) Loads on Culverts
Earth pressures or load on culverts may be computed ordinarily as the weight of the earth directly above the slab. In order to have the effect of increasing the allowable design dead load stresses 40 percent more than allowed for live load, the effective weight of earth backfill may be taken as 70 percent of its actual weight.
3.2.18 - Earth Pressure
Structures which retain fills shall be proportioned to withstand pressure as given by Rankine's formula; provided, however that no structure be designed for less than an equivalent fluid pressure of 30 pounds per cubic foot.
Other comments are very much like our new specifications:
surcharge 2' of backfill.
For rigid frames one-half the moment caused by earth pressure may be used to reduce the positive moments in the beams, in the top slab or in the top and bottom slab.
Regards,
Qshake
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