That's a tough question Nad87. Folk are trying to help you so it would be helpful in return if you were more specific and less philosophical.
MJCronin is bang on with all his answers. Take the advice, be grateful, and come back with specific questions.
pierreick, too, the old Betz...
Alternately, waste the demin plant effluent as it may be about as, if not more, concentrated than RO reject waste water (there's nothing like a component mass balance to tell you that .. but it is work). You can recycle a portion of demin plant regen rinse waters which is of good quality...
Thank you, very much. Those where the two best references found, too. Missing, I tought, was minimum salt depth for the capacities given, yet, after looking again, 5 ft appears to be the recommended minimum (eg: 15 tonne for granulated salt in a 10' diameter tank). I guess we could assume...
Hello:
After searching high and low, it is surprising to find little information on Brine Saturator Tank design for industrial duty brine-production for ion-exchange (sodium zeolite) water softener regeneration. Can anyone contribite a detailed design guide or technical reference? Many...
You can consult the Chlorine Institute's Pamphlet #163, "Hydrochloric Acid Storage and Piping Systems" for tank design details.
This appears to be the "authority" on the issue.
The pamphlet states that 15,000 gallons and above, use rubber lined steel tank, otherwise, if smaller, FRP can be...
Consider hiring a professional engineer to (help) design the tanks. Perhaps Perry's handbook of chemical engineering will help.
Perhaps your tank vendor has the staff on hand.
As our fellow commentators suggested, options appear to be heat tracing, heating coils, bayonette heater, or heat...
Your concern is likely with superheat of the steam. If the steam does not condense in the short rise of 5 m, it will vent. For safety, assume no condensation as a first approximation, at least, regardless of how much sparging and mixing you may do.
Also, once the water gets to boiling, all the...
Is the demin water for boiler make-up water supply, only, or other purpose? You had said before that oxidation was a concern, which to me means corrosion from dissolved oxygen (demin water is particularly agressive this way).
This is just said, as, if you calculated CO2 adsorption into demin...
So, why are you considering blanketing?
The demin water entering the tank is already saturated with air (dissolved oxygen), is it not?
So blanketing will make no difference at the tank ... unless the water entering the tank was already deaerated?
PS; Demin water tank is likley large, not...
WOAH! It appears that you want to nitrogen blanket to keep dissolved oxygen out so that the demin water won't become corrosive to carbon steel tank? (it is after all, upstream of your deaerator(s))
10 ppb dissolved oxygen makes demin water surprisingly corrosive. At room temperature, about 10...
Yeah ... if you shut in a typical industrial cooling tower's blowdown, even on a calm day, you could only get to about 15 cycles of concentration. That is due to drift, liquid water droplets leaving with warmed air out through the induced draft fan blades... about 0.05 % of recirc flow .. which...
Water quality used will be key due to formation of carbonic acid:
CO2 + H2O <==> H2CO3
If you neutralize the acid, it will increase the carbonate loading achievable.
Stripping towers to remove CO2 from water (after an acid cation ion exchange bed in water demineralization plans) are likely more...
It turns out that AWWA (American Water Works Association) also has some software available for members, including lime - soda softening material balances.
What do you do with the RO reject stream?
At risk of sounding obvoius, audit the demin plant (or softener, whatever it is) to understand it better first (eg: quality of each waste stream as regeneration progresses .. online conductivity data would provide insight). Make sure the demin plant is...
I understand that potatoes are peeled by steam explosion (like popping the lid off of a pressure cooker). Perhaps try food processing sites, instead of chemical processing site such as this.
As far as cutting, like making french fries industrially, run the potatoes in water down a pipe .. and...
Hello:
Would anyone be able to recommend a source for hot lime softener modeling software to help calculate lime, soda ash and MgO feed rates for treatment of a given water? Perhaps just an Excel spreadsheet program to share and perhaps build upon.
Many thanks.//
Applebaum's good old 1968 or so text, "Demineralization by Ion Exchange" has a good discussion ... for example, MgO to Silica ratios required for specified silica reductions, as well as discussion of other chemical agents for silica removal in warm or hot lime softening. Silica removal with MgO...
On the original question, for what it may be worth:
For HCl calculation I guess you could assume that all chlorides in fuel burn to form HCl. Not sure to what extend that would be true, without testing, but it would be a worst case. Now, you calculate vol or wt% HCl in the flue gas.
Then for...
