You may try to use the Weld Calculator
http://www.millerwelds.com/resources/calculators/mig_solid_amperage_calculator.php
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Search http://www.asminternational.org for the book
Surface Hardening of Steels: Understanding the Basics
Editor(s): J.R. Davis
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For basic information anybody can search the web.
Anyhow wrought means material which underwent plastic deformation (like rolling) at elevated temperature if in thick section.
Thin sections can be worked cold.
Forging material means raw material intended to be shaped by forging processes, either...
Cleaning fluids should not cause any reaction. To understand what the stains are you would need a localized microscopic analysis performed by a knowledgeable and well equipped laboratory.
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You can possibly inquire with AWS
http://www.aws.org/w/a/technical/swps.html
if the Standard WPSs they produce cover your requirements.
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Maybe the photo does not represent the surface blemishes correctly, but it seems likely that some sort of inclusions became embedded on it. Does this make sense with the processes?
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I don't think that trying to answer an unclear question is a useful exercise.
Anyway, assuming that WMHAZ means indeed "Weld Metal Heat Affected Zone" as suggested, one could say that the number of retempered weld beads is indeed the number of beads minus one, as the HAZ of the last bead would...
Hello,
May I express the doubt that "the cheapest material" would not be the most fortunate qualifier for your project?
Until you sum up all expenses (procuring, delivering, receiving inspection, handling, heading, cutting, deburring, heat treating, descaling, finishing, packaging, storing and...
You could install an overload safety device or a mechanical torque limiter, provided you can calculate the maximum admissible torque.
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I reported in my periodic newsletter PWL#103 the results of a study published in the February 2012 Issue of the Welding Journal at page 25 that addressed the problem, by testing repeated welding in a set of plates.
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Hydrogen bake out is specified for hard steels (~43 HRC) susceptible to embrittlement.
The specified temperature should not exceed that of tempering (otherwise a reduction of hardness will ensue).
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AFNOR used to have a set of rules determining the designation of steels whereby the first figures expressed 100 times the carbon content, then the letters showed the main alloying elements (C for Cr, N for Ni, D for Mo etc.) and the following figure expressed 4 times the percentage content of...
You may wish to see:
SPECIFICATION FOR ALLOY STEEL FORGINGS FOR HIGH-STRENGTH PRESSURE COMPONENT APPLICATION
SA-723/SA-723M
by performing an Internet Search
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You may wish to see the ASM International Portal and then browse through the Education Tab > Self Study courses (page3)
for "Principles of Failure Analysis (7-Lesson Series)"
and also the tab of Failure analysis for courses or
the Store > Failure Analysis for books...
Depending on their size and orientation, slag inclusions, porosity and lack of fusion should be detectable also by radiographic inspection. Maybe it would be worth trying as an additional precaution.
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Refer to the explanations of commercial publications listed hereafter: no promoting intended.
Difference between Pipes and Tubes
http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/pipes-tubes-d_347.html
Tube VS Pipe
http://www.tubecon.co.za/en/technical-info/tubecon-wiki/tube-vs-pipe
Pipe Vs Tube...
