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  1. Mina Kromer

    what is the minimum spacing of rebar in concrete piles?

    In this project the piles are subjected to lateral loads, this generates moments at the upper end up to about 6 meter below the ground surface. Also in this project the subsurface layers contains Sabkha soil (very loose soil) so it is required the reinforcement to continue up to the lower end of...
  2. Mina Kromer

    what is the minimum spacing of rebar in concrete piles?

    Also, from From ACI 336.3R-93 - 4.4.3. , the minimum clear spacing between vertical rebars must be minimum of 3 in. [76 mm])
  3. Mina Kromer

    what is the minimum spacing of rebar in concrete piles?

    It was difficult for me to find this info. I found and attaching it. From ACI 336.3R-93 4.2.2-- The clear spacing between vertical reinforcing bars should be at least 3 times (preferrably 5 times) the size of the maximum coarse aggregate or 3 times the bar diameter whichever is larger. 4.2.3--...
  4. Mina Kromer

    Rigid and Semi-rigid diaphragm in ETABS - Slab with beams

    @steelnz2003 Thank you eng. for the reply. If you can also help please, I am asking about the axial force appearing from the vertical load (not the lateral load).
  5. Mina Kromer

    Rigid and Semi-rigid diaphragm in ETABS - Slab with beams

    Dear Sir, I noticed when applying a semi-rigid diaphragm to a slab with beams floor I got axial load in beams and slab from the vertical loading. But this axial force disappeared when I applied rigid diaphragm. We used to ignore axial load in slabs and beams from vertical load even in manual...
  6. Mina Kromer

    Rigid and Semi-rigid diaphragm in ETABS - Slab with beams

    Dear Sir, I noticed when applying a semi-rigid diaphragm to a slab with beams floor I got axial load in beams and slab from the vertical loading. But this axial force disappeared when I applied rigid diaphragm. We used to ignore axial load in slabs and beams from vertical load even in manual...
  7. Mina Kromer

    calculating kh from 0.4*SDS

    Yes, I also see examples using 0.35, but are them for calculating kh ?. I could not find an example for calculating kh specifically.
  8. Mina Kromer

    calculating kh from 0.4*SDS

    [highlight #EF2929]thread507-418397 Dear Engineers, I am designing a retaining wall, I need to consider seismic load. From FEMA 450, calculate the Kh factor. as Kh = Sds/2.5. My question is about ss value, it is given in % of g. for example for Jeddah city it is about 35 (not divided by 100 to...

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