"Drive rivets" will likely be faster and easier to install.
Drill, place, wack.
One size hole though both pieces.
https://www.hansonrivet.com/rivets/drive-rivets-steel/
How many of those arms are there between the pod and the ring? What is is made of?
I can imagine that setup hitting a resonance at some conditions, leading to fatigue failures.
Try these guys.
https://www.gobigbolt.com/
I have no affiliation, but they've supplied to a lot of train manufacturers that I've worked with over the years.
Too bad, as with so many things these days, they are "available", on paper, until you ask for them.
Some possible alternatives to Tef-Gel:
https://next.henkel-adhesives.com/us/en/products/industrial-lubricants/central-pdp.html/loctite-lb-8023/BP000568.html...
I'll assume the green axis is horizontal.
The center of mass appears offset from the green axis, so torque will vary over each rotation. You need to calculate how much.
You need to select a drive and brake with suitable torque in both modes, and backlash that meets your needs.
You need to...
Stacks become unstable when the weight vector at the CG moves father than the center of pressure at the base, in response to small perturbations.
It's mostly about stiffness and geometry.
This NASA paper presents a conservative calculation for pullout strength, and tabulates it for various materials.
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/20170003491/downloads/20170003491.pdf
The pullout strength formula presented is:
Note that the 3 is an arbitrary factor of safety.
1/2"-13...
So, the folks that wrote the standard weren't worried about hydrogen embrittlement with these three finish options.
Looks like your screws have one of the two black oxide finishes.
The shape of the fracture looks most like stress corrosion cracking from the pictures at the link provided by...
Casters are dominated by abuse loads (i.e. slamming into a curb, dropping of an edge....)
You're unlikely to find fully non metallic.
Plenty of choices for non conductive wheels or treads.
Are you designing the orange part too?
Just use much smaller screws.
26 x 1/2 screws gives you almost 600,000 lbs tension capacity, which is rather more than you need.