Some confusing questions on splines
Some confusing questions on splines
(OP)
I have two spline parts that's used in high load environment. I have MOW & MBW inspection data for both external & internal splines, is there a formula to deduct plating thickness from the MOW & MBW? So I can confirm the class of the spline.
Internal spline Sleeve - Fillet root side fit - ANSI - CLASS 5
number of teeth 27
Face width: 1.4
spline pitch 16/32
pressure angle 30
base diameter 1.461418
Major Diameter(max) 1.816
Form Diameter 1.754
Minor Diameter 1.625
MIN EFF CIR SPACE WIDTH 0.0982
MAX Actual CIR SPACE WIDTH 0.1011
The internal spline was nitrided to ~57 HRC.
EXTERNAL fillet root side fit spline: class 5
Face width 0.25
number of teeth 27
spline pitch 16/32
pressure angle 30
base diameter 1.461418
Major Diameter (max) 1.750
Form Diameter 1.621
Minor Diameter 1.564
MAX EFF CIR Tooth thickness 0.0982
MIN Actual CIR Tooth thickness 0.0953
External spline shows no case hardening evidence and has core hardness of ~44 HRC
Would it better for their hardness to have smaller difference? I wonder why the external spline was not case hardened.
The mating external spline has average lead crowning of 0.0031, lead crowning inspection of the internal spline (see the standard spline data above) shows 0.00005 - 0.00036. Plating thickness: 0.0003~0.0005, can the lead crowning just be the variation of the plating thickness? How do I know if it was an intentional design? From this article, https://gearsolutions.com/features/a-grinding-solu...
they did a lead crowning of 0.0002 on helical gear.
Internal spline Sleeve - Fillet root side fit - ANSI - CLASS 5
number of teeth 27
Face width: 1.4
spline pitch 16/32
pressure angle 30
base diameter 1.461418
Major Diameter(max) 1.816
Form Diameter 1.754
Minor Diameter 1.625
MIN EFF CIR SPACE WIDTH 0.0982
MAX Actual CIR SPACE WIDTH 0.1011
The internal spline was nitrided to ~57 HRC.
EXTERNAL fillet root side fit spline: class 5
Face width 0.25
number of teeth 27
spline pitch 16/32
pressure angle 30
base diameter 1.461418
Major Diameter (max) 1.750
Form Diameter 1.621
Minor Diameter 1.564
MAX EFF CIR Tooth thickness 0.0982
MIN Actual CIR Tooth thickness 0.0953
External spline shows no case hardening evidence and has core hardness of ~44 HRC
Would it better for their hardness to have smaller difference? I wonder why the external spline was not case hardened.
The mating external spline has average lead crowning of 0.0031, lead crowning inspection of the internal spline (see the standard spline data above) shows 0.00005 - 0.00036. Plating thickness: 0.0003~0.0005, can the lead crowning just be the variation of the plating thickness? How do I know if it was an intentional design? From this article, https://gearsolutions.com/features/a-grinding-solu...
they did a lead crowning of 0.0002 on helical gear.
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RE: Some confusing questions on splines
what type of plate. Silver and copper are plated as break in to prevent fretting during start up.
I said it before but you missed it, example plated threads. the thickness at the pitch diameter is reduced
to allow the addition of plate. it is controlled by pre-plate measurement over three wires then after plate
it is remeasured with three wire by means of a micrometer. it is required to make sure it will assemble.
form , minor diameter and major diameters have to be pinched to allow addition of plate.
normally only external splines are plated. here is an other tip, plate will not plate evenly on concavities.
there for on an external spline there will be more plate on addendum surfaces, than the dedendum surface.
it is the nature of splines. what I do is at minimum actual and maximum actual tooth thickness I subtract the
plate total from the circular tooth thickness of the external spline . then calculate the 2 wire measurement.
but it works better if you have to sets of gauges. pre-plate and post plate. no changes to inspection criteria, just dimensional.
other wise it will be to difficult to manufacture and to many good parts will be rejected.
crowning is based on mis-alignment and there are formulas to calculate the required crowning.
RE: Some confusing questions on splines
and in essence gives more tolerance to manufacturing , which is a good.
RE: Some confusing questions on splines
Thank you again for helping out.
It's cadmium plate. I saw one of spline data term called "Plating allowance", now it makes sense, basically the teeth have to be slightly smaller to allow for the plating to ensure fit, for example, min actual TT - 2*plating thickness = pre-plate min. actual TT.
So if given measurement over wire inspection data, I first calculate the actual tooth thickness and then subtract 2*plating thickness to get the pre-plate actual thickness and then compare it to the table in ANSI B92.1 to determine the class?
So plating thickness variation tend to affect profile variation more than lead & index variations.
Is it common to see a lead crowning on internal splines?
I am also planning to get a few Go & Nogo gauges for spline inspection when the production drawing is approved
RE: Some confusing questions on splines
yes cadmium is for corrosion protection, and for break in, , tooth thickness your on track now.
no it is not normally on internal splines, but it can be done , it can be shaped or spline ground but not broached.
if inspection criteria are on the blue print it will over ride the specification, if specification and class is given that is the criteria.
RE: Some confusing questions on splines
Sorry but what's break in? I googled and looks like something to do with warming up new ring & pinion gears.
I guess it's ok for inspection criteria to override the spline spec if the manufactured spline pass Spline Ring and Plug gages and the quality of the spline gauges is good, but how do I know if the spline gauges are good?
It's kind funny that it takes another set of spline to check the splines on the drawing...feel like chicken & egg problem
Have a wonderful weekend!
RE: Some confusing questions on splines
Lol ya that's true. A master gauge has a very tight master gauge tolerance per the specification for gauges. It is certified.
To the bureau of national standards.
The max effective on an external can only be inspected with a gauge. The internal spline min. Effective can only be inspected by a gauge. Have a good weekend as well
RE: Some confusing questions on splines
The actual tooth thickness is arc's length, measured on the pitch circle, while the plating thickness is measured in direction normal to the flank. The most important difference would be that the arc is longer than the normal by 1/cos(α), so in this case 1/cos(30°)=1.155.
RE: Some confusing questions on splines
The certificates must be very hard to obtain? I was surprised that I was not able to find any standard off-shelf spline gauges online.
For sanity check, this 32/64 internal spline has fillet root right? It looks like it can be either flat or fillet to me...
RE: Some confusing questions on splines
Contact Ash Gear in Michigan , and broach masters in California. Ash may have in stock. If not it will take an expedite charge to get it in 6-7 weeks, normal delivery can vary from 9-12 weeks. Design and build.
RE: Some confusing questions on splines
Far as measurements go, stick with measurement between pins for internals and measurement over pins for externals until gauges can be obtained. There is dozens of gear programs out there that are cheap
Your inspection and mfg team will appreciate it.
RE: Some confusing questions on splines
Thank you for the pointing it out, you mean (for 30 PA) the arc length is 1.155*normal_length? Or you mean the arc length is 0.0001155 longer than the normal?
RE: Some confusing questions on splines
Thanks, I will save the vendors to the list.
You mean using CMMM gear programs for inspection after the parts are manufactured?
RE: Some confusing questions on splines
but the involute is correct. one can now easily graphicly depict the geometry in cad. it is much easier to under stand that way. I never had an inspection issue. just remember the plate at the addendum will be much thicker than at the dedendum. it's not exact science. because of the plating dynamics.
RE: Some confusing questions on splines
CMM technology is getting very sophisticated. and no doubt it is the way of the future, but I am old school and like an old school verifying between and over measurement over wires.
one use gear wires over the tooth space flanks with micrometers or precision pins between three or two gear wires., I suggest you go online and obtain Dudley's gear book and other and read as much as possible
do under stand all gauge and gear wires have to be calibrated to the bureau of standards. and all must be calibrated
RE: Some confusing questions on splines
I mean that the arc length is approx. 1.155*normal_length. Since your MIN EFF CIR SPACE WIDTH is equal to the MAX EFF CIR Tooth thickness, there seems to be no room for the plating. I'm not sure what the goal is. I would choose the fit, modify the space width and the tooth thickness to allow for the plating and calculate the MOW and MBW to be specified on the part drawings.
What do you want to do?
RE: Some confusing questions on splines
Then calculate the measurement over wires from the modified tooth thickness. That's how it's done.
RE: Some confusing questions on splines
Thank you again for the help, the min cir space width and max eff cir tooth thickness came from ANSI B92.1 30 PA 16/32 pitch table. In the beginning I thought I could just use the standard spline, I am surprised that the standard spline does not have plating allowance, afterall, plating is so common.
The inspection vendor told me today that due to the enormous lead modification on the external spine, ANSI B92.1 tolerances is not applicable, and the spline would be unmeasurable per ANSI b92.1. I am a little confused. Maybe because it's impossible to account for the reduced size due to crowning when inspecting min. act TT & max eff TT? that's why i would not be able to determine the class per ANSI. I would imagine I can only use Go & NOGO gauges to inspect the modified spline. But I guess I can still apply the profile & lead tolerances on the modified spline as normal, it just cannot be a specific ANSI Class anymore?
RE: Some confusing questions on splines
what ever class the final blue print tolerances and class is that is what it should be made to.
RE: Some confusing questions on splines
RE: Some confusing questions on splines
RE: Some confusing questions on splines
For the crowned spline, the way I understand it is that you can still apply ANSI tolerances at the apex of the crown, the min act CTT & max eff CTT at the apex would still need to meet class 5 dimensions. The min. act CTT & max act CTT would be the same at the apex. Spline gauges can still be made to standard to check max & min eff CTT and min. act CTT (apex).
One thing is still confusing to me is how does the lead crowning affect profile & lead variation measurement? I am guessing there should be no effect on profile variation since the probe should be only measuring at the center/apex. But it would make lead variation incomparable since you would be basically comparing a curve to the straight line?
I am not sure why the vendor stated that ANSI is irreverent in this case, maybe because there would be no machining tolerances if you are only measuring the apex and also lead variation is unmeasurable, these two factors are both part of ANSI B92.1.
RE: Some confusing questions on splines
RE: Some confusing questions on splines
what do you mean by "apply less the lead"? You mean the lead requirement of the ANSI B92.1 CLASS 5 still applies on the crowned spline?
RE: Some confusing questions on splines
RE: Some confusing questions on splines
I am starting to feel that the spline sample has no lead crowning, when I look it under 20X optical comparator, it appears to be an almost perfect straight line from the top, if it has lead crowning, it should be curved, with 0.003 crowning I should definitely be able to see it with 20X vision. For some reason the inspection vendor reported lead crowning, I am guessing the operator might have it confused with the top land crowning, which is visible with naked eyes, the radius of the topland crowning is about 0.77 inch. The face width is 0.25.
RE: Some confusing questions on splines
RE: Some confusing questions on splines
The CNC gear checker reported averages of 0.003 for Cβ, so I guess even with 0.003 lead crowning, I would still not be able to see the curvature under optical comparator? I am really lost
RE: Some confusing questions on splines
on the spline displayed you can see it but you can not tell what the crown height is. and it appears that crown has severe thinning at the ends is I bet it's more than .005 crown.
which make it possible to have severe reduced loads.
RE: Some confusing questions on splines
Are you saying that even with 0.003 lead crowning, it's still normal to not be able to see the curvature under optical comparator?
RE: Some confusing questions on splines
RE: Some confusing questions on splines
RE: Some confusing questions on splines