Constitutive supercooling
Constitutive supercooling
(OP)
Hello all. Hope this text finds you all well.
I am new to this forum and like to ask question about a matreials concept related to constitutive supercooling. Literature says that this theorey is responsible for explaining the development of different microstuctures during welding or casting.
May any body familiar with this concept explain this here?
I shall be highly thankful in this regard.
Best regards
Waqas
I am new to this forum and like to ask question about a matreials concept related to constitutive supercooling. Literature says that this theorey is responsible for explaining the development of different microstuctures during welding or casting.
May any body familiar with this concept explain this here?
I shall be highly thankful in this regard.
Best regards
Waqas
RE: Constitutive supercooling
I know of something called 'Constitutional Supercooling'.
Phase diagrams are drawn based on equilibrium conditions. But this is rarely the case. During solidification (be it welding or casting), the liquid adjacent to the solid has a higher percentage of solute. So, it is at a different (lower) temperature than prescribed by the liquidus of the equilibrium phase diagram. This difference is known as Constitutional Supercooling as it is due to composition of the liquid.
Regards.
DHURJATI SEN
Kolkata, India
RE: Constitutive supercooling
You have temperature gradients, composition variation, and then you have the thermodynamic effects of solidification (latent heat).
In the process of solidification (of most real alloys) you get things solidifying, and then at least partially re-melting in the process.
A lot of work have been done trying to get single crystal parts cast, they have tackled this from both the alloy design side and the physical design of both the part and the casting process. That is a place to find a lot of this research.
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P.E. Metallurgy
RE: Constitutive supercooling
RE: Constitutive supercooling
The confusion is that if we look at G/R criteria individualy then Ofcourse, for stable planar growth, G should be high and R should be low which leads to higher value of G/R.
Confusion is when we look at G/R in terms of Delta T/ Diffusion coefficient. Author says that "higher freezing range delta T and lower diffusion coefficient will make it difficult for planar interface to grow". Although this will lead to higher G/R which the author previously stated that higher G/R is required for stability of planar growth.
Why this different position of author? Or am i missing something?
RE: Constitutive supercooling
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RE: Constitutive supercooling
RE: Constitutive supercooling
Constitutional Supercooling is nothing more than that, the composition change in liquid (compositions varies with decrease of temp) will change the solidification temperature. For stable planar growth, you must have a position temperature gradient to compensate the so-called Constitutional Supercooling. G/R >= Delta T/DL, is an extremely simplified formula. It applies only two component system, and with only diffusion in liquid being taken into consideration. It ignores latent heat, heat conductivity difference solid and liquid phases, and interface disturbs etc. You can imagine latent heat will change the temperature profile at L/S interface.
Solidification is a very complicated process. However people can still use G/R>= ΔT/GL as a general criteria for "Constitutional Supercooling". @OP, i do not see the contradiction from what the author says. he just tried to say the same thing from two perspectives: high temp gradient (somewhat high cooling rate which could also lead to high growth rate) is beneficial for a stable planar growth, while wide solidification range (large ΔT) leads to deep Constitutional Supercooling, and so damages planar growth, leading to cellular and columnar/equiaxed dendritic growth.
RE: Constitutive supercooling
Agreed that higher value of G/R is required for stable planar growth. Higher value of G and lower value of R will give us higher value of G/R. This is true if we do not consider the other side of equation as given below.
G/R= ΔT/D.
About this formula author says that higher value of ΔT and lower value of D will make it difficult for planar growth to be stable. You see higher value of ΔT and lower value of D will be give us higher value of G/R mathematically. We have already established that higher value of G/R gives stability to planar growth. So why having higher value of freezing range and lower value of D (which is giving me higher G/R) makes it difficukt for planar growth to be unstable. This thing should be more conducive for continuation of planar growth.
RE: Constitutive supercooling
Increasing G/R and/or decreasing ΔT/D will make your easer to meet the criteria: G/R>=ΔT/D, for a stable planar growth.
RE: Constitutive supercooling
RE: Constitutive supercooling
The figure in the same book quotes that
"if the actual temperature gradient in the liquid is greater than liqiudus temperature then planar growth is stable"
Why the word growth is there, if the actual temperature of the liquid is greater tha melting temperature then the Gibbs energy change is positive, liquid is a stable phase there. Solid will not form as it is thermodynamically unfavorable. Then why growth will take place? I admit that solid liquid interface will be stable, it will remain planar but will it grow? How?
I am having hard time understanding this.
Best Regards
RE: Constitutive supercooling
A side note, for a pure metal, there is NO constitutional supercooling, only the temperature profile affect growth model. But it can still go with a columnar/dendritic growth when latent heat creates a negative temperature gradient in liquid.