You may need more than one adhesive to suit the different properties of the materials you are joining,
B.E.

You are judged not by what you know, but by what you can do.

Many adhesives will work. For best results and longevity the surface treatment of the aluminum is important. Silicone RTV would probably work fine and it would be cost effective. Two-part epoxy would be the strongest. Protecting the wood from getting wet is important for durability. The wood should be sealed with a waterproof sealer, particularly at exposed edges. Epoxy will work well for that, as well.

You can laminate layers together using a vacuum bag.

You'll need to define the required strength, longevity and consequences of failure to make a truly informed decision.

As this is just a platform for a mechanical device to be attached to, it will be at rest with no outside forces acting upon it other than the weight of the device. As the platform will have attached "feet" and will always be in a resting position, failure would not be foreseen. Longevity should be measured in 20-30 years.

Thank you,
Jim