As I said, there are a million different answers depending on the footprint and magnitude of the load and the stiffness of the soil the slab is bearing on. There is no simple equation to determine what the slab can support. The other aspect that adds another layer of complexity is the question of what constitutes failure - cracking? Punching through? The capacity changes by a factor 5 to 10 depending on the answer.
All I can tell you with any degree of confidence, is that if this is an in-place concrete pavement slab that has successfully supported heavy truck traffic, it will support the load of a heavy truck. It's hard to imagine loading as a storage area that would be greater than that.