Clarification on what exactly the G force is here?
Clarification on what exactly the G force is here?
(OP)
Hello,
I am trying to carry out FEM analysis on a steering knuckle. I have found some articles with typical braking and cornering loads to apply and they are all expressed in G-Force (here are two the articles I found: http://iosrjournals.org/iosr-jmce/papers/ICAET-201... and http://www.altairatc.com/india/previous-events/201...). The braking force for instance in both is 1.5G. I would like to know what exaclty that means this case?
Is it 1.5 x the whole car's weight or is it 1.5 x the weight of the car supported by that wheel (1/4 of the total car weight)?
Thank you for your help.
I am trying to carry out FEM analysis on a steering knuckle. I have found some articles with typical braking and cornering loads to apply and they are all expressed in G-Force (here are two the articles I found: http://iosrjournals.org/iosr-jmce/papers/ICAET-201... and http://www.altairatc.com/india/previous-events/201...). The braking force for instance in both is 1.5G. I would like to know what exaclty that means this case?
Is it 1.5 x the whole car's weight or is it 1.5 x the weight of the car supported by that wheel (1/4 of the total car weight)?
Thank you for your help.
RE: Clarification on what exactly the G force is here?
Which is fairly likely considering load transfer.
RE: Clarification on what exactly the G force is here?
Whatever the net vector sum of the forces that happen when cornering/braking/accelerating at that factor, is what the load is.
RE: Clarification on what exactly the G force is here?
make sure you apply them as separate load cases and then consider the various combinations when you add them up to find max stresses.
Cheers
Greg Locock
New here? Try reading these, they might help FAQ731-376: Eng-Tips.com Forum Policies http://eng-tips.com/market.cfm?
RE: Clarification on what exactly the G force is here?
@Greg I was thinking of applying all the forces at once (mainly braking, cornering and gravity) and if the part withstands that, then start cutting out material where not really needed. That is what the articles I found do. I did also find one that applied them as a load by load case though (http://es.scribd.com/doc/99494468/C-Kalavrytinos-F...). Would you say it is best to go case by case and then combine the loads?
RE: Clarification on what exactly the G force is here?
RE: Clarification on what exactly the G force is here?
As such the worst case stress at a particular point is not necessarily incurred by the combined loads in the positive direction.
This is amateur hour stuff foe FEA analysts, any paper you read suggesting otherwise can be discarded and ignored.
Cheers
Greg Locock
New here? Try reading these, they might help FAQ731-376: Eng-Tips.com Forum Policies http://eng-tips.com/market.cfm?
RE: Clarification on what exactly the G force is here?
"I am not going to speculate what "X" needs to be, in any of the above" How would you say I should go about determining what X should be then? Like for braking and cornering I am using 1.5G as in the articles but for cases like bumps I am not exactly sure how to go about it.
RE: Clarification on what exactly the G force is here?
In my experience for road cars that are designed not to break those are low, the exact numbers we use are proprietary and I'm not going to talk about that. We also design our suspensions to fail in certain specific ways in response to the 60 kph square edge pothole test, which all OEMs have some equivalent to. We also have a running over the kerb test, and a smashing the car sideways into a kerb test (big lose on a corner). There's no simple static equivalent loads for those, they are architecture dependent.
here's a couple of other threads on this
http://www.eng-tips.com/viewthread.cfm?qid=300205
http://forums.autosport.com/topic/121354-kerb-stri...
Cheers
Greg Locock
New here? Try reading these, they might help FAQ731-376: Eng-Tips.com Forum Policies http://eng-tips.com/market.cfm?
RE: Clarification on what exactly the G force is here?
I subjected my knuckle (aluminum 7075 not steel) to the individual 5-4-2 loading scenario and then combined the maximum stresses (square root of the squares). In each loading case, the weight supported by the wheel was always present. I got a stress value which was less than half of the ultimate and yield tensile strengths but greater than the fatigue strength. At this point, would you say I can assume my design is safe? Or would you recommend otherwise? I tried out a couple of combinations but got a maximum stress values I got were less than the one I got from combining the individual ones.
Thank you again!
RE: Clarification on what exactly the G force is here?
Norm
RE: Clarification on what exactly the G force is here?
Cheers
Greg Locock
New here? Try reading these, they might help FAQ731-376: Eng-Tips.com Forum Policies http://eng-tips.com/market.cfm?
RE: Clarification on what exactly the G force is here?
RE: Clarification on what exactly the G force is here?
Cheers
Greg Locock
New here? Try reading these, they might help FAQ731-376: Eng-Tips.com Forum Policies http://eng-tips.com/market.cfm?
RE: Clarification on what exactly the G force is here?
The website notes that the values are from the Aluminum Association and are not for design. The Aluminum Association has design values and methods to use for aluminum for buildings and bridges. They also publish typical stress values which are typically noted as "not for design".
I have the Aluminum Association Design Manual, although it is primarily for building and bridge structures, it still has good data on aluminum.
Let me know if I can look up something for you (anybody else, too).
Bob
RE: Clarification on what exactly the G force is here?
Bob I will be sure to take you up on the offer once I have a clearer idea of what we should/will use for the knuckle. Thank you very much for your willingness to help.
Thanks!
RE: Clarification on what exactly the G force is here?
Cheers
Greg Locock
New here? Try reading these, they might help FAQ731-376: Eng-Tips.com Forum Policies http://eng-tips.com/market.cfm?
RE: Clarification on what exactly the G force is here?
Hey Bob, will it be possible for you to look up the actual elongation at failure of aluminum 7075? If it is not asking too much, can you also look up the ultimate, yield and shear strengths and the modulus of elasticity for me?
Thanks!
RE: Clarification on what exactly the G force is here?
ASTM Spec B 209 covers 7075 as well as all the other alloys - I would give you some values but it depends on the temper and there are several. I was able to download a '96 version of this spec. If you poke around you can find it too. Let me know if you have any problems. The Aluminum Association gets their design values from this for those alloys that it does cover.
Don't forget your safety factors. In the building industry, we use around 2/3 of the yield stress for design, but that's for buildings carrying our sons and daughters. A race car carrying daddy gets a lower safety factor.
Weldability may be a big problem with 7075
I like to work with 6061 T6 because it is a relatively "cheap" alloy. What everyone says about ductility (elongation) is important. I like to take a bar of 6061 and bend it in a vise until it breaks just to get a feel for how much it might bend before it snaps. Remember the song, "You picked a fine time to leave me loose wheel"? The higher aluminum tempers are quite brittle (from a guy who designs steel to bend radically, back and forth, before the earthquake finally snaps it.)
Bob
RE: Clarification on what exactly the G force is here?
I have a question about the FEM analysis; I reran the individual loading cases changing where I apply the loadings and where I constrain the DOFs. Again, the max stress I got was less than the ultimate tensile and tensile yield strengths by a bit but this time it was slightly bigger than the shear strength. Should this be of concern or can I still safely conclude the part should work?
Thanks!
RE: Clarification on what exactly the G force is here?
Any thoughts?
Thanks!
RE: Clarification on what exactly the G force is here?
I've built some car chassis pieces, brackets and such, from 6061 T6 and find it wont fail nice and soft and hold pieces together like mild steel does. It is more prone to fracture when overstressed so I go big on my 6061 parts. Hell, aluminum is light so I can go big.
Your stresses will likely be below the endurance limit of the material so fatigue shouldn't matter (but check anyway).
There is just no better experience than getting some pieces of the material you are thinking of using and breaking them in your shop.
Bob