The steel alloys used for these types of construction projects (bridges are the prime example) fall under the classification of "weathering steels". These steels are alloyed with copper and phosphorus for improved atmospheric corrosion resistance and solid solution strengthening. Silicon also positively affects corrosion resistance and strength.
The weathering steels are part of the larger classification of High Strength Low Alloy (HSLA) steels because they use minimal alloy content, low carbon levels, and controlled thermomechanical processing in order to generate steels that have fairly high strength, good toughness, and are weldable.