hey folks!

i am an archaeologist & need to get some idea (in newtons; lbs/sq inch; whatever measure is most appropriate) of the force a 1-4lb hand-held river cobble would impart to a fresh bone (a composite material) vs. that of a large carnivore bite when used to crack open the bone. the bite force of the spotted hyaena has been estimated at about 4000 N (~1000lbs).

i would like to get a rough estimate of the force of hammerstone impact on bone. when breaking bone i am kneeling & raise the cobble about 1-2ft before slamming it onto the midshaft.

any references on the fractographic differences (macroscopic) between fractures created under impact and static loads would be appreciated also.

thanks