I always charge for reasonable travel time plus other travel costs. Even though travel time is not "productive" in the sense that you're not at your desk grinding out your deliverables, it's time you spend for the benefit of your clients and sometimes to the detriment of your own life. Thus, you should be compensated for it. It doesn't matter where you live in relation to the work. If they want you on the project, they should pay for the privilege. In the whole scheme of things, a little additional travel time cost will NOT break the bank, especially considering the total lifecycle cost of the project to the owner.
Let me illustrate this with a little story about the one and only architect I hope to never meet again, let alone work for again. He and I had worked together on several projects for the California Deparment of Corrections, once as parallel consultants and several times with me and my old firm as his site civil subconsultant. The owner is in Sacramento, I'm in Fresno, and he's based in Portland, OR, even though his firm has an office and a justice architural group in San Francisco. One day he called and said our team had been selected for a project and he would be emailing the RFP so I could work up a fee. I emailed him my fee proposal the next day for upwards of $250,000 and soon received a very irate phone call from him. It went something like this:
Jerk (name changed to protect the guilty): "You can't charge 10 hours for a 4-hour meeting."
Me: "It's a 3-hour one-way drive for me, so each meeting takes me 10 hours. Four meetings is 40 hours."
Jerk: "But, you can't charge more than 8 hours per day."
Me: "Sure I can and I will."
Jerk: "But the Department won't pay for it."
Me: "They aleady do on my other projects."
Jerk: "I can't accept this. You have to change it."
Me: "No."
Jerl: "Well, I can just replace you with another engineer."
Me: "You know full well that we're by far the most experienced civils working for the Department and they recommend us to architects looking for a civil. Do you really want to go back to the Department and tell them your breaking up the team that won the competetition all because you won't pay me what it's worth for the four meetings I have to attend? They might just select the #2 team. Besides, you have 8 meetings to attend and you're coming out of Portland. The Department is paying your airfare, your hotel, your rental car, and far more than 8 hours per meeting because your travel time is even more than mine becauseh it spans two days. They could just have easily picked an architect from Sacramento and avoided all your additional travel costs. If you get to charge your travel time, it's not reasonable that I don't get to charge mine."
Jerk: "You have to change this."
Me: "No."
Jerk: "We'll see about this."
Me: "Fine, but I'm still charging 10 hours per meeting."
…I got my fee.
BTW -- My travel time is decidedly NOT productive because I avoid talking on my cell phone while I'm driving. I know from past experience that my own car-handling skills decrease while I'm on the phone (even with hands-free) and the car-handling skills of the drivers around me seem to decrease even more when I'm on the phone…so, no longer. I listen to audio books or a podcast I've downloaded to my phone. If the drive is over about two hours, I usually stop halfway to check my phone for messages.
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"Is it the only lesson of history that mankind is unteachable?"
--Winston S. Churchill