Nope, doesn't work that way.
Metric threads specify the diameter and pitch, not threads per inch.
M10x1.5 means M10 thread with 1.5 mm pitch, i.e. 1.5 mm distance between threads. That's different than 1.5 threads per millimeter.
'Murican threads specify the diameter and threads per inch. So 3/8" - 16 is a 3/8" diameter thread with 16 threads per inch.