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removal of sulphates
- Thread starter 781078
- Start date
BertGielen
Civil/Environmental
Please give more details on your needs (flow, sulphate-concentration, other substances to be removed from this water, final use and desired specs after treatment)
Some rules of thumb:
Barium works, but is generally not recommended:
- cost
- potential environmental burden of water with traces of Ba (check with local authorities; typical emission limits for Ba are in range 2 - 10 mg/l).
For Ca-precipitation, check correct temperature. See FAQ on this forum.
Other processes than precipitation : check biological removal. (Biological removal is the option of choice of there is a simultaneous need for removal of metals).
Membrane methods, distillation, ... are methods you might not consider unless you really are forced to do so.
Some rules of thumb:
Barium works, but is generally not recommended:
- cost
- potential environmental burden of water with traces of Ba (check with local authorities; typical emission limits for Ba are in range 2 - 10 mg/l).
For Ca-precipitation, check correct temperature. See FAQ on this forum.
Other processes than precipitation : check biological removal. (Biological removal is the option of choice of there is a simultaneous need for removal of metals).
Membrane methods, distillation, ... are methods you might not consider unless you really are forced to do so.
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