Their are two types of Safety Harness attachment point.
Fall restraint :- prevents you from stepping over an edge.
Fall Arrest :- Catches you when you fall.
A fall restraint attachment point need only be strong enough to resist a person from reaching the open edge and so may be adjacent permanent handrails etc, so long as they have been inpected and recorded as being strong enough and suitable attacment points. Along with this record must be the max length of lanyard required to prevent fall.
Fall Arrest anchor points are a different kettle of fish. The anchor points must have calcs to prove that the point and structure are strong enough to arrest the person. The Fall arrest anchor points we use are required to hold around 2 tonne, this is deemed to be the safety factor to arrest a person dropping on to a 1.5M lanyard.
If using fall arrest, consideration must be given on how to extract a person suspended on a harness quickly as toxins can build up quickly due to restricted blood flow in the legs.