Need references which way to install bolts (heads up or down) and impacting nuts w split washer

[dlclarkii]

I'm looking for references on which way to install bolts on crane runways. Should the bolt be facing up or down. Installer has the bolts facing up with the logic if the nut comes off the bolt falls out.

Also, looking for references saying you should not turn or impact the nut that has a split washer. Instead, the bolt head should be turned or impact and you keep the nut stationary. So you don't split the split washer in halves.

Thank you, David