NEMA MG-1 only required rated temperature rise at rated load (or service factor rise at service factor load). That doesn't tell us anything about overload capability... except if it has a service factor... in which case the rise at service factor load is approx 10C above the normal required rise at rated load... equating roughly to a halving of insulation life. But there is a lot more that can be said about service factor... search this forum.
The fact that NEMA also allows the standard motor to operate at a voltage up to 10% low would seem to imply to me that NEMA is suggesting motors contain at least 10% overload capability.
Motor overload protective settings for 49 device are typically in the range of 115%-125%FLA and higher for service-factor rated motors. Some info in IEEEC37.96 section 7.2.9.1. I'm not sure exactly where these numbers originated, it may be the NEC.
The motor purchaser can request from the manufacturer a thermal damage curve IAW IEEE620-1996 which will define exactly how much time is allowed for any given level of overload. Alternatively if the motor is required to have a known short-time duty above rated, the user can make this part of his specification.