Obvious first choice is the tool the mfgr's manual requires, typicall including any fixture necessary to establish measurement criteria. Absent this, the next choice would be an optical comparator. If you are talking 15 or 16th stage vanes, these tools would be critical for such small sizes. For larger vanes, a simple fixture to immobilize the vane in a horizontal plane, installed on a surface plate, could then be approached with a height gauge. Measurements taken at the same chord and span stations above and below the leading edge would result in accurate vane LE thickness. The mfgr's table of limits would establish the appropriate chord and span stations to bemeasured to pass/fail a vane.