Beta101,
I cannot think of one document that would explain all of those terms.
Here is a glossary of some mining terms
and a book of Mining Explained
Other resources include books at SME, check
For feeders and screens, check
I have briefly explained the terms that you listed below. Note that many mining countries and jurisdictions have their own unique terms for mining equipment, which will make your investigations that much more difficult.
Feeders supply muck (ore or waste rock) to a process (e.g. a crusher). Apron or grizzly feeders are just two ways to "feed" the material to the process (there are others).
Screens are used to separate materials according to size.
ROM stands for Run of Mine, which essentially is muck (i.e. ore or waste) that has been blasted but has not been sized (e.g. crushed) any further. It is generally relatively large, and can be difficult to handle.
A hoist is a machine that raises and lowers the cages (e.g. elevators for personnel and material travel) and skips/buckets/kibbles (for lifting muck out of the mine). A hoist is sometimes called a winder.
A decline is an excavation in the rock at a grade that can be walked or driven in a vehicle, often at anywhere between flat to -20%.
A lateral excavation in a mine is often called a drift. A vertical (or nearly vertical) excavation in a mine is often called a raise.
Cheers,
CanuckMiner
