Well, there ARE rack and Pinions capable of 180 degrees.
I would refer you to a 180-degree helical actuator if I knew of one. Most of the ones I know of use a diaphragm. Diaphragms have limited stroke. So to make a 180-degree helical actuator in the same housing as a 90-degree actuator, you'd need to change the helix angle and that would cut the torque in half.
Or you could scale up the diaphragm until you got double the stroke and put in a 180-degree helix. That would be basiclally doubling the size of everything in the actuator...
The engineering challenge is a little easier with a Rack and Pinion....just make the racks a little longer and cut a longer cylinder for them to run in.