In a triaxial test the hydraulic pressure in the cell is the confining pressure sigma 3.
Sigma 2 is the same as sigma 3 in atriaxial cell.
Sigma 1 is increased above sigma 3 by applying a 'deviator' stress in the vertical (axial) direction by loading the top of the sample.
Sigma 1 - Sigma 3 is the deviator stress.
(Sigma 1 - Sigma 3)/2, half the deviator stress, is the radius of Mohr's Circle and if Sigma 1 is the deviator stress at failure it is the shear strength.
In an unconfined test, Sigma 3 is zero so the shear strength is half the uniaxial compressive strength.