I am trying to program this exciter model in ATP/EMTP.
- What is the effect of an integrator on a signal? What is the effect of a differential pole? What is the effect of a real pole? Any references?
- How can I compute the initial or the reset function of each block so I can initialize the exciter controller blocks?
- My target is to finetune the parameters. I have been advised to use the Ziegler Nichols tuning method. Any directions on how can I apply this here?

- What is the effect of an integrator on a signal? What is the effect of a differential pole? What is the effect of a real pole? Any references?
- How can I compute the initial or the reset function of each block so I can initialize the exciter controller blocks?
- My target is to finetune the parameters. I have been advised to use the Ziegler Nichols tuning method. Any directions on how can I apply this here?