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Thanks for this, I will use 1.5 to be conservative.

Thanks for this f-d. Is there a similar factor that can be applied in cohesive soils?

I'm trying to design some small scale retaining structures, timber or metal posts with boards/lagging between them. As far as I can see the only restoring moment is from the passive resistance of the soil behind the support posts. This is only a narrow strip of soil compared to the supported...

Hello there, first time post from a very new civil engineer: I'm designing a mass concrete wall which will act as a headwall to a culvert. Farm machinery is expected to pass over the culvert within 0.5-1m. The wall is only 1.2m high. I was thinking I should design the wall assuming the vehicle...