rconnor:
I'm not a climate scientist, but a couple of years ago I started to put together some spreadsheets of annual average temperatures and population growth for three population centers for which long term temperature data are available (New York, Chicago and Baltimore) (see attached file.)...
Hydro tests are required by code to strength test line pipe. Components and fittings are usually exempted from the test if they meet the requirements outlined in the code. Below is the appropriate section of CFR 192. Make sure you keep a record of the certification documents for the...
zdas04
You should not jump to conclusions based on only one data point. If you look at a range of data, you will see that by using the arithmetic average pressure leads to greater and greater error. As you can see from the table below, your example of a 10% pressure drop leads to a 0.09%...
The operation of natural gas transmission systems, today as in the past, has everything to do with line pack management. Professor Weymouth gives a good account of this subject in his paper.
By the way, the 2/3 factor was not derived by professor Weymouth. It is the result of constants of...
For anyone who is interested the publication that Biginch referred to can be accessed at the attached link.
Weymouth introduces his flow equation on page 735 and his pipeline storage capacity analysis on page 741...
kapo84,
For flow in a duct the flow is probably fully turbulent and you can use the rough pipe law:
1/[√]f = 2Log (3.7D/ke) or
(1/2)1/[√]f = Log (3.7D/ke)
Take the anti log of both sides and get:
10(1/2)1/[√]f=(3.7D/ke)
Solve for ke:
ke=(3.7D/10(1/2)1/[√]f)
f is...
I have attached an example of how natural gas services are sized when branches are involved. You might use this as a guide in your problem. You can extend this methodology for use with more than two...
I believe you are talking about water gas. See page 124 of the attached book. There is a discussion of the reaction, the process and a table of reaction products vs. temperature...
See page 259 of attached for a detailed diagram and description of the hydraulic joint of a telescoping gas holder.
http://books.google.com/books?id=3nDSAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&dq=%22A+practical+treatise+on+the+manufacture+and+distribution+of+coal-gas%22&as_brr=1&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false
The gas shut off valves can be installed outdoors. Many state codes and local building codes require shutoff valves to be installed outdoors, either above or below ground. The federal code, 49 CFR 192.365 (below), suggests the valve be installed outdoors if feasible. Frequently a utility will...
Caution: Even if you purchase Windows 7 Pro (or higher), to use the Virtual XP mode your micro processor needs to be virtualization capable. Download and run the Hardware-Assisted Virtualization Detection Tool from the attached link to find out if your PC can run in Virtual XP mode...
Latexman,
Thank you for the article. It looks good. I printed it out and am looking forward to reading it.
I do recall a little about the De Laval nozzle from my college days. As I recall, for M<1, as the fluid enters the convergent section of the nozzle the fluid pressure reduces from the...
dfa1979,
You need to do a frictional flow calculation taking into account the 8" pipe lengths A to B, B to C and C to D. Your pressures should not increase in the direction of flow. The pressure at A is 70 psi the pressure at B will be less due to frictional loss. The pressure at C will be...
dfa1979
Your calculated flows seem to be inline. You can assume the header to be a big tank if the take-offs are close to each other, then you only need to account for the equivalent length of the tees. If the take-offs are far apart, then you will need to calculate the pressure at each...
mjpetrag,
I have attached an example of how natural gas services are sized when branches are involved. You might use this as a guide in your problem.http://files.engineering.com/getfile.aspx?folder=a668ccf0-6e7f-421d-86d8-ba8e90c1d671&file=Branch_Service.pdf
EA Services say they can perform angle taps in sizes 1" through 24", as much as 45° off perpendicular. It may be worth while talking to them.
http://www.easervices.com/tap.htm
