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well thanks all for your valueable replies, i have been discusing this issue with some engineer today, but there is a point i wonder about. what kind of analysis can i do to account for cracked sections instead of using modification factors directtly?

well i have been discusing it with the geotechnical engineer who made the report he told me the only reason is to limit to 25 mm because depth of borehole was only 10 Ms here is another point what if i used isolated footing following his regulations and i have maximum width of it to be 3 Ms...

Hi all I have a hall formed of steel N truss with upper and lower cord curved with same radiuses (parallel to each other) the expected variation in temperature between outside of the hall and inside is 35C the truss spans 30 Ms. I would like to include temperature gradient effect. Should it...

well we received today 2 soil reports for other sites from same laboratory he gave also same recommendations for other different sites in different areas B.C. was different in each report but same recommendation for foundation width!! Depth of borehole was 10 Ms in the three reports, I wonder if...

Thanks all for quick reply but considering the point of deflection, I made analysis using finite element analysis modeling footing as a shell and the soil foundation interaction as springs with modulus of subgrade reaction equals bearing capacity/settlement used for B.C. calculation, actually...

Hi all I am a structural engineer with I think satisfactory understanding of soil mechanics , I got soil report for geotechnical engineer for design of a foundation , there was a note in the report stating that Isolated footings or strip footings shall be used with maximum width 3 Ms. Just I...

thanks CarlB and thanks all

Hi all i got a file from someone and i am supposed to make some modifications on, when i open layout and open the viewport autocad make zoom extend for view so how can i stop autocad from making Zoom Extend when i enter the view. i use Autocad 2006

Well Murali check clause number 1631.5.4 it tells that you must scale reponse spectrum Parametes(shear and moments and displacments) with Factor equals to Base Shear calculated from Response Spectrum Analysis divided by Base Shear obtained from Eaerth quick Analysis as per caluse 1630.2 For...

it should be the gravity acceleration depedning on units which yu use in modeling

well thanks so much EBF i checked UBC97 again and found the following defination for Orthognal effects. ORTHOGONAL EFFECTS are the earthquake load effects on structural elements common to the lateral-force-resisting systems along two orthogonal axes. and the code does not mention anything...

well i would also to add my comment according to UBC97 here is statement from UBC97 1631.5.1 Response spectrum representation and interpretation of results. The ground motion representation shall be in accordance with Section 1631.2. The corresponding response parameters, including forces...

well Thanks so much EBF another question, should i consider Orthognal effects when i am using either Equivalent Static Load Method or Response Spectrum Analysis?

When the requirment of orthognal effects shall be considered in the analysis of a building as stated in UBC 97(Section 1633)?

Hi all When the requirment of orthognal effects shall be considered in the analysis of a building as stated in UBC 97(Section 1633)?

Hi all How can i make a cell empty instead of returning #value

well that article is perfect but i do not understand a phrase in this article "However, frame buckling capacity can be determined if the second-order analysis is taken incrementally to the limit." what incrementally to the limit mean?

Murali27 What is the yield strenght of steel(Fy) and the concrete cubic strenght (Fcu)?

you should declare two functions, every direction must has its one function with its own scale factor you may have force apllied in two directions in same function if you have to consider orthognal effects

well Jike Fe is function of lenght of member and buckling lenght factor(k) and also raduis of gryation(r), so how can this table be general for any section case?