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Skumar84 From the LEL of R32 (14% in air) you know that the amount of diluent which can prevent continued combustion of R32 is in the ratio of 86 : 14 = 6.14 :1 when the diluent is Air. If you have the relative specific heat of R125 vs that of air you can estimate the amount of R125 needed to...

Thanks !! I totally missed that !! David

Saver 2008 The steam needed for smokeless performance will actually vary widely based on many factors. Smoke forms in the flare flame because the gas in the center of the flow stream gets hot and "cracks" before it meets up with oxygen to convert. The smoke forms initially as atomic carbon but...

I need to set up charts which "read" results to use as the X axis and automatically draw the axis to a linear scale, regardless of the values. (Quattro does it but I can't find a route in Excel) I am attaching a spreadsheet as a sample. Similarly how can I reset the linear axis so that it...

Jobst Your approach will work. pro-rating the values from the charts and then using Le Chatelier is a good technique. Essentially you will find that the volumetric dilution of inerts works roughly in proportion to the specific heat of th diluent at flame temperature. I call it Nitrogen...

Your conditions are simply flow and orifice issues. The sonic flare is just a final orifice on the pressure relief. The smallest hole in the system will control what happens to the flows and pressures. I have to suppose that the total orifice area through the flare tip is that hole. If so it...

NOLAengineer A good reference is the current design wind code for the USA, ASCE-7. Winds are usually referenced at 10 meter elevation. The wind exponent essentially measures the drag created by the various aspects of surface roughness generated by objects on the ground. Once you reach a...

zomg11one Blower Power = air mass flow rate (mass/time) x the equivalent height of a column of air which provides the same pressure as the blower (length) This gives units M L/T Convert to whatever power units you need with standard conversions. Increase the motor size according to the...

Nazli7 I'm a little confused by the question. Ammonium hydroxide is just ammonia in water. If you are burning ammonia, where does the extra water come from. Even if you have some extra hydrocarbon to help the flammability, surely the amount of intermediate NH4OH is not going to be significant...

preynolds Sorry to say you may not find it. Flame speeds are determined empirically. Good flame speed data is hard enough to come by for gases, let alone liquids which have to be warmed up so that they exceed a temperature at which the vapor pressure of the liquid exceeds the partial pressure...

curiousmechanical You're not alone. This is that aspect of physics where wave form theory concides with particle theory. If we had such a good handle on this to explain it properly in layman's terms we'd be on a forum for quantum physicists not engineers. Try thinking of radiant heat just as...

gatech74 You may need to post this question in anither forum. Materials perhaps. David

Charles Is this a theoretical problem or a real world issue? If it's the latter, there are things called explosions and detonations to think about which involve flame temperature, dynamics and container conductivity as well as molar balance. How close to a stoichiometric mixture will you be...

fikayo2004 The formula you cite probably derives from work published by the Bureau of Mines (Bulletin 627) which included empirical results for Natural Gas. Two formulae are given L (vo%) = 4.9 - 0.71 logP (atm) U (vol%) = 14.1 + 20.4 logP (atm) (The work reports a standard error of 0.53% for L...

keddo The entire system out to the end (where the air can enter) has to figure in the contraction calculations. You might have any one of the following conditions - Starting with a cold system, you get a short term release of hot vapor which fills or partially fills the header. The rate of...

Homayun has the key. Divide the system up into sections of equal diameter. Use standard expansion losses and bend losses at section changes. Calculate DeltaP in each section using the isothermal compressible formula. The static pressure downstream of the outlet is atmospheric. Accumulate all...

Gents, thanks for the initial input however I wasn't totally clear about this. The guys exist, the combustion unit is future. I have to decide whether to - tell the client there's a potential problem, and he has to move the planned combustion unit ($$ involved for re-engineering) or - not raise...

We use galvanized CS wire rope as Guy Ropes to support tall structural stacks. Typically the ropes we use are fully stranded with no core (such as 1 x 37) or may sometimes be fitted with a wire core (6 x 19 IWRC). The quality of the steel is "Improved plow" with a UTS in the region of 220,000...

op9 I have no direct experience but there's no reason you shouldn't be able to do this. Ignition of coal is variable according to the type of coal you have, but the bottom line is that you need to have enough heat in the flame to hold the coal above 800 degF (or thereabouts - above red heat)...

chantique84 There is more than one answer. You need to look at the rate of inflow. If it holds constant becuase the DeltaP across the control orifice is above critical, then you use PV=nRT. Once the DeltaP changes as a function of the internal pressure, then you have to go to a logarithmic...