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Hi Sawsan, Brater and King (Handbook of Hydraulics, McGraw-Hill Professional, 7th Edition) quote a couple of cases where pipe deterioration was observed. One case on galvanised steel pipe indicated a doubling of the roughness value over a 3 year period as a result of moderate conditions of use...

Hi Robert, Please find attached a file with screenshots of the "Deposit velocity of slurry flow in open channels" paper by Dominguez et al from 1996. There is a small mistake in the formula in Slurry Systems Handbook when the slurry viscosity is to be included. The superscript "3" is missing...

Hi, I’m working on a brownfields project using an existing agitated tank to pump hot slurry into a flash vessel operating at 0.5 Bar abs. It is important to avoid air ingress as it impacts the efficiency of the flash vessel. I have checked the minimum submergence level to avoid vortex...

Hi, The HI standard 9.8 "Intake Design for Rotodynamic Pumps" states that the Minimum Submergence for a horizontal bottom outlet from a tank can be given by S=D (1+2.3Fr) where D is the nozzle diameter and Fr is the Froude number The Froude No. Fr = V / SQRT(g*D) where V = nozzle velocity g =...

SlurryS, The viscosity of hydroxide slurry can vary greatly from lime to lime as well as process conditions. Certain changes in the hydration conditions or impurities in the lime will increase the viscosity of the slurry, thus affecting settling time. Often times, the viscosity increases at...

There is an online calculation for an inclined cylinder at the following LMNO Engineering webpage http://www.lmnoeng.com/Volume/InclinedCyl.htm There is also a "Tilted cylindrical tank volume" online calculation at the following webpage. http://planetcalc.com/1442/ Hope this helps

Hi Joe, There is an online calculation for and inclided cylinder at the following LMNO Engineering webpage http://www.lmnoeng.com/Volume/InclinedCyl.htm There is alos a "Tilted cylindrical tank volume" online calculation at the following webpage. http://planetcalc.com/1442/ Hope this helps

Hi, From the Orica Chemicals "Caustic Soda Handbook" issued September 1998 in Australia, it was an 'Absolute viscosity of Caustic Soda Solutions' versus temperature (in degrees Celsius) graph. For a 20% solution, I obtained the following viscosities: at 10 deg C the Viscosity = approx 7 cP at...

Hi Sykhan88, Please refer to additional page for orifice plates from Internal Flow Systems by Miller. The X -axis on the first graph is the ratio of the CSA of the orifice divided by the upstream pipe CSA. The Ko value for a sharp edged is simply multiplied by the correction factor Crad for...

Hi Sykhan88, Please refer to attached figure for "Correction Factors for Edge Radii" for orifice plates from Internal Flow Systems by Miller. Hope this helpshttp://files.engineering.com/getfile.aspx?folder=e5bf5370-4bed-467f-a4eb-cb7149b9c166&file=Miller_orifice_plates.pdf

Erik, Based on a celerity or speed of sound of 1729m/s in ammonia at -33 deg C and a liquid density of 680kg/m3 I back calculated the approximate bulk modulus K as 2.03 GPa.(approx 294,000PSI) C = Sqrt(K/density) for a rigid pipe I hope this helps

Hi, In appendix A of the ANSI/HI 12.1-12.6 (2005) standard titled "Rotodynamic (Centrifugal) Slurry Pumps", there is a copy of Equipment Data Sheets for slurry Pumps in metric and US units. our technical library only has hard copies or PDF copies of the standards. I am looking for a native...

I am looking for a copy of Hydraulic design for flow of complex fluids: course notes written by Richard W Hanks Associates and published in 1981 I have carried out a search on the web but I have had no luck with Amazon and some of the other text book sites – they generally advise that the book...

Hi Backjourne, Obtain a copy of the following technical paper - Edwards, M.F., Jadallah, M.S.M. and Smith, R., Head Losses in Pipe Fittings at Low Reynolds Numbers. Chemical Engineering Research & Design, Vol. 63, pp. 43-50. (1985) Also there is a small table of frictional losses for laminar...

I obtained a copy of the second edition (June 1963) and the third edition edition (Nov 1966) of API 620. For future reference, this is what they stated. In each of the two editions, Section 3.10.5 External Pressure Limitations states "......cylindrical sidewalls of vertical tanks designed in...

In the tenth edition of API 620, 2002, the following is written in Section 5.10.5.2 under "External Pressure Limitations". It states that "cylindrical sidewalls of vertical tanks designed in accordance with these rules for storing liquids..............may be safely subjected to a partial...

Some of the following technical articles from engineering magazines may be of some use 1) "Inert gas in liquid mars pump performance", Chemical Engineering Magazine, July 3, 1978 2) Tsai, M.J. "Accounting for Dissolved Gases in Pump Design", Chemical Engineering, July 26, 1982, pp65-69 3)...

AndrewTx, The following technical articles/standards have some information on vortex breakers/inhibitors 1)"Do-It-Yourself Vortex Breakers" by S. Waliullah P108-109 Chemical Engineering, 9 May 1988. 2) Section 5.3.2 Vortex Inhibitors from Australian Standard AS 2419.1 - 2005 'Fire hydrant...

djw2k3 The Cameron Hydraulic Data handbook gives the following resistance coefficient K values for 90 deg mitre bends versus pipe size : - Nominal Pipe Size K Value 1/2" 1.62 3/4" 1.50 1" 1.38 1 1/2"...

Hi HuaCl, Obtain a copy of "Design of Gas Distributors" by W.J. Litz, Tennessee Eastman Co. in the November 13, 1972 edition of Chemical Engineering magazine. It describes several factors such as how to obtain adequate distribution and avoid sparge plugging in straight-pipe, ring and plate gas...