Yes, the hybrids are a feel good measure. The small amount of gas saved is eaten up in the extra cost of buying and maintaining all the hybrid technology. Hydrogen cars are the same as there is a net energy loss in creating the hydrogen from fossil fuels or water. And it leaks from almost...
The National LM34 outputs 10mV per degree F. 210° = 2.1V output. The LM35 gives 10mV per degree C. Both will work to 210 °F. I have used these to monitor block temperaure at various points in my engine.
Just feed the output to an appropriately scales analog meter movement. Or a Digital meter if...
CNNFN.com had a story about the Prius and the savings. Turns out gas has to be $9.20 a gallon for the life of the car to make you come out ahead. $5.60 a gallon for the Escape Hybrid.
Myself, by driving sanely and using cruise control on the highway, I always beat the EPA mileage by 20% or...
More simply put, if the voltage from the source was the same as the battery voltage, the battery wouldot charge. You nead a "head". That is, a difference in voltage level to get current to flow from the charger to the battery. I know there is a lot more to it than this but this covers the basic...
Unless the frequency is absolutely identical, there will be phase drift over time which will cause all sorts of grief. I miche consider using a PLL syncing off the AC line to contreol the inverter. Then, when the AC line goes away for a short time, the frequency of the inverter should only drift...
You need an AGC and a class E??? power amp of 50W per channel? Do you mean class D? How many channels? B&O ICEPower division is coming out with a 2 X 150W module with an OEM price of $14.00, It can do less power too. They will also have a 6 channel version for $38.00. The switching 120/240V...
Led brightness changes with current but not linearly. are you sure you need regulated power at all? Why not just run the LEDS with their resistor off the raw voltage and be done with it. The variation between 12.5V and 14.5V is not all that great per centage wise anyway. However dropping 12.5V...
You have not indicated how well regulated the output must be. Is unregulated power OK or do you need 0.1% regukation or something in between. The poorer the regukation, the lower the price.
The other point is that this sort of thing is at the very basic end of one's technical education and if...
Before you start, how much power do you need and what kind of quality? No sense learning about everything about amps when all you need is 1 watt to drive a small speaker for a communications receiver.
Or do you need true high fidelity? Again. Reasonable or full blown audiophile.
Up to 60...
Yes, you need shorter pulses for lower brightness levels. If you add filtering, you screw this up. SInce LEDs turn on and off in sub microsecond times, true PWM controlis possible if you use no analog filtering. The more steps you have, the finer your control will be. 32 steps are too few and...
LEDs are indeed square law devices and if you control them in a linear manner, by varying the current through them, you will indeed have a highly non-linear brightness vs. current effect. This will happen if you try to filter the PWM. However, the idea with PWM is that the LEDS are run at only...
Have we lost our nerve that much? Space travel is risky business but there is no shortage of highly skilled and motivated people willing to try. The shuttle has a loss rate of about 1 vehicle per 50 missions. This is a lot better odds than our WWII bomber crews faced in 1943.
The loss rate...
Regardless, to avoid flicker, you need a pulse repitition rate of at least 100Hz. Preferably 200Hz. I have found LEDS to be quite linear with brightness with PWM control. However, it is important to have a repitition rate of at least 100 Hz and there must me NO filtering. Any filtering will make...
I have a patent on a flame sensor using a photo pickup. I used a photo transistor but what worked for me was to AC couple the signal from the photodevice as the flickering is what distinguished the flame from ambient light. As well, I had to put a feedback sensor on the photodevice to keep the...
For a burst of only 1.15mS every 4.6mS, you don't need that much capacitance. A 330uFd to 470uFd cap should be fine. However, for long term performance, perhaps you should consider a "low ESR" type as these handle pulses better and they are not much more money.
If you're building 5K boards a day, wave solder them. You're doing 150,000 joints a day and that's worth an investment in wave soldering. A small wave soldering machine will pay for itself in 2 weeks at that throughput. We wave solder any batch of over 4 boards because the problems with...
I found Don Lancaster's IC Op-Amp Cookbook an excellent practical tool which does not get excessively bogged down in minute details that are rarely important. His web site is www.tinaja.com.
Visit my web site www.schematicsforfree.com
