It seems to be standard structural engineering practice to allow up to 5 percent overstress in structural design. It's been this way since I graduated college in 1980 and I've seen the practice commonly used in the tower analysis field for the last 15 years.
I've been asked my opinion by a...
I was recently told that lock washers (a.k.a. split washers) were not allowed on A325 structural bolts. Their reasoning was the following in AISC's 9th Ed. of ASD (page 5-266):
"(e) Washers. Flat circular washers and square or rectangular beveled washers shall conform to the current...
