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  • Users: TpaRAF
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  1. TpaRAF

    Filler for structural bolt holes

    We are working on a bridge repair project, replacing rivets in deteriorated structural steel with high-strength bolts. In some locations, the hole is several times the replacement bolt diametre. The concern when the bolts are torqued to provide a slip-critical connection, the scab plates...
  2. TpaRAF

    LRFD concrete slab design - fatigue experience

    I am designing a 3-span continuous, reinforced concrete flat slab bridge using LRFD methods. The fatigue loads do not seem to be influencing the design! What is your experience on this? In my past experience with LFD / AWS slab design methods, the flexural reinforcing, then the fatigue reinf...
  3. TpaRAF

    LRFD limits for max reinforcement dropped??

    I have a prestressed flat slab design that exceeds the older c/d limits. In the latest edition of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design specs, the check for "c/d < 0.42" has been dropped [§5.7.3.3]. The code appears to address this by applying a reduction to the phi factor when the section is...
  4. TpaRAF

    Openings in cylindrical shells

    I am seeking advice on the design of a handhole opening in a round steel column used to support an overhead sign. Biaxial bending, axial compression and torsional forces are applied. The client wants a 6" x 8" handhole placed in an 18" upright, near the column base. The 6" dimension is along...
  5. TpaRAF

    Openings in cylindrical shells

    I am a structural engineer, and am seeking advice on the design of a handhole opening in a round steel column used to support an overhead sign. This is not a pressure vessel. Biaxial bending, axial compression and torsional forces are applied. The client wants a 6" x 8" handhole placed in an...
  6. TpaRAF

    Shrinkage & temperature reinforcement in thick members

    I need some insight on the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design specs. Section 5.10.8.2 states shrinkage & temperature reinforcement should be 0.18% of the gross sectional area for members less than 48" thick. The AASHTO LFD code required 0.125in² per ft of surface. I am designing a bent cap that is 42"...
  7. TpaRAF

    Shrinkage & temperature reinforcement in thick members

    I need some insight on the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design specs. Section 5.10.8.2 states shrinkage & temperature reinforcement should be 0.18% of the gross sectional area for members less than 48" thick. The AASHTO LFD code required 0.125in² per ft of surface. I am designing a bent cap that is 42"...
  8. TpaRAF

    Shrinkage & temperature reinforcement in thick members

    I need some insight on the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design specs. Section 5.10.8.2 states shrinkage & temperature reinforcement should be 0.18% of the gross sectional area for members less than 48" thick. The AASHTO LFD code required 0.125in² per ft of surface. I am designing a bent cap that is 42"...
  9. TpaRAF

    Washers for SS fasteners

    I am specing ASTM F593 Group 1 Alloy 304 bolts and ASTM F594 Group 1 Alloy 304 nuts. The nominal diametre is 3/4", and they are being used as anchor bolts for railing in a marine environment. I cannot find an ASTM citation for standard or plate washers to use with these fasteners. Any ideas...
  10. TpaRAF

    HSS tubes - blind connection or through bolts

    The application I have is to connect a large, square steel tubular section (HSS) to a connection &quot;socket&quot; made of plate steel. The item is being used for a cantilever arm 38 feet in length, supporting a 3700 pound sign panel at it's end. The HSS member is TS 16 x 16 x 1/2&quot;, and...
  11. TpaRAF

    Square HSS connection using Huck BOM's

    The application I have is to connect a large, square steel tubular section (HSS) to a connection &quot;socket&quot; made of plate steel. The item is being used for a cantilever arm 38 feet in length, supporting a 3700 pound sign panel at it's end. The HSS member is TS 16 x 16 x 1/2&quot;, and...
  12. TpaRAF

    Definition of secondary members

    I am working on a steel box truss for an overhead sign structure. I am using the AASHTO &quot;LTS-3&quot; design code along with the AASHTO Standard Specs for Highway Bridges, since this is an ASD design (lucky me). I am also referring to the AISC code. My question is about the connection for...

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