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  • Users: KANN
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  1. KANN

    I understand that the IECC is inten

    I understand that the IECC is intended to limit energy use in facilities, in balance with first costs. So, I was surprised that an architectural colleague thought that the IECC (commercial provisions, 2009) would not apply to an interior space to which we are considering adding air...
  2. KANN

    API520 Part II 2-Phase Reaction Force Equation

    The 2-phase equation in Part II of API 520 latest edition does not seem to provide results consistent with the API 520 gas/vapor or ASME B31.1 App. 2 steam equation, when the vapor fraction goes to 1.0. I get results about 5 orders of magnitude higher with the API 2-phase equation (seems out of...
  3. KANN

    Steam Interpreted as Hazardous Material by IBC

    Would the 2006 Edition of IBC/IFC consider steam to be a hazardous material? This in effort to determine whether the seismic provisions apply for restraint of steam piping. So, ASCE 7-2005 also factors in, and whether steam is considered hazardous, determins the Occupancy Category in ASCE 7...
  4. KANN

    Possible to Estimate Initial Fatigue Crack Size?

    Is it possible to estimate whether the initial fatigue crack size exceeds 1 micron in Type 316L (A270) without a background in fracture mechanics or metallurgy? In other words, is the science of crack initiation accessible enough that someone with a mechanical engineering background, not...
  5. KANN

    Use of Process Industry Practices PNC00004

    Process Industry Practices (PIP) publishes PNC00004 - Piping Flexibility Analysis Criteria for ASME B31.3 Metallic Piping, which outlines minimum basic requrements for analyzing aboveground metallic piping systems for flexibility. It was last published in 2000. Anyone familiar with this...
  6. KANN

    NDE Options for 700 Deg. F

    I want to have a nondestructive evaluation for surface cracks performed in carbon steel fittings at a service temperature of 650 - 700 Deg. F. I understand that use of liquid penetrant or magnetic particle methods would require a shutdown. A local inspection firm is investigating use of high...
  7. KANN

    B31.3 P&T Event Duration for Flexibility Design

    For flexibility design I interpret B31.3-2004 to require the design pressure & temperature to be the most severe condition of coincident pressure and temperture that can occur, and is not tied to the duration of the event. (The event would obviously have to have a long enough duration to heat...
  8. KANN

    Free Thermal Analysis - How Used?

    I've seen "Free Thermal Analysis" or "Free Thermal Expansion" referenced as a step in piping stress analysis and do not understand exactly what this means and how useful it is to perform. Do analysts routinely use a free thermal analysis when designing a new system? Or is it more useful in...
  9. KANN

    Importance of air balance w/ compressors filters dryers

    For a 100 psig plant compressed air system with five (10,000 scfm) compressors, three dryer/filters, how important or accurate must the air flow balance be to the dryer/filters for equipment performance and service life? Would reverse return piping be very beneficial?
  10. KANN

    In Steam Flooding Is Condensate Removed?

    When steam flooding piping is designed, is the piping designed to remove the condensate or is the piping designed to carry the steam and condensate to the point of use? I understand steam flooding is used to improve oil recovery. I don’t design steam flooding piping, or plan to do so. But I...
  11. KANN

    Hygienic Union Loads

    I’m wanting to model hygienic unions (bolted clamp joint) in a stress analysis program (Algor) during the line sterilization process (185 deg. F). Code is ASME BPE & B31.3. Mostly 4 and 6 inch size. The major manufacturers say that there is no available data for allowable forces and moments...
  12. KANN

    Is suction casing velocity of 20 fps too high?

    Typical suction piping design velocities are given as 4 - 7 fps (Crane TP410). What about the velocity in the plane of the face of the suction nozzle? Pump selections by pump application engineers are often much higher, 20 fps for example. Is there a guideline for a minimum pump suction size...
  13. KANN

    Steam Drip Legs in BS EN 13480 .vs. BS 806

    My understanding is that BS 806, which was withdrawn and replaced with BS EN 13480, did not stipulate drip leg spacing on long runs of steam main as the scope was limited to piping within the boiler plant proper. BS 806 stipulated a minimum drip leg diameter of 1/4 of the main bore. I...
  14. KANN

    Steam Supply/Return Sizing Codes/Standards

    For large generating stations, do specific codes and standards govern the steam pipe sizing? What about low & high pressure return piping size, and the location/configuration of drips? Is the sizing accomplished by power plant design engineers based on steam industry guidelines/best practice...
  15. KANN

    Depth of Flow in Pipe

    For gravity flow in a pipe, I want to determine flow depth for a given gpm, pipe ID, slope, and Manning friction factor. The flow can be assumed steady and uniform. Flow is less than 1/2 ID. Is this an iterative process with the Manning equation and hydraulic radius or is there another...
  16. KANN

    Steam Hammer

    How is steam hammer prevented in submarine piping, or maybe, is it prevented? I assume the slope of piping on submarines changes as the vessel navigates. Where steam piping is installed, how is the piping designed to prevent steam hammer when the steam and condensate flow can vary from...
  17. KANN

    Minimum Fluid Depth for Slug Flow

    At what depth does the fluid level in a pipe produce waves resulting in slug flow? It seems to me that a thin film of fluid on the bottom of a pipe can not result in wave formation. But for a given high velocity at some point there is enough fluid (liquid hold-up, void fraction) to produce a...
  18. KANN

    Minimum Fluid Depth/Slug Flow Two-Phase Steam

    At what depth does the fluid level in a pipe produce waves resulting in slug flow? It seems to me that a thin film of fluid on the bottom of a pipe can not result in wave formation. But for a given high velocity at some point there is enough fluid (liquid hold-up, void fraction) to produce a...
  19. KANN

    Steam Hammer Prevention

    I assume the slope of piping on submarines changes as the vessel navigates. Where steam piping is installed, how is the piping designed to prevent steam hammer when the steam and condensate flow can vary from co-current to counter-current two-phase flow? Is there a specific velocity that is...

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