As per NFPA 15 (Water Spray Fixed Systems for Fire Protection), section 8.5.3.9 "Orifice Plates shall not be used for balancing the system".
In practice, I know that orifice plates are often used for this, or as an alternative, (custom made) small bore spool pieces are used. In case you really...
API RP 505 for "Classification of Locations for Electrical Installations at Petroleum Facilities Classified as Class 1, Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2" contains an Appendix D (Informative Annex) with an alternate method for area classification.
Radii as found using this alternate method...
HAZOP study was "invented" some 30 years ago to see whether modifications to an existing plant could affect safety of the plant. Typical example would be that as a result of addition of a blockvalve in line between two vessels, first vessel would not be protected by safety valve on...
Does anyone have experience with a HIPPS system installed subsea?
Advantage for us would be that 30 km pipeline from wells to platform wouldn't have to be designed for wellhead pressure. However, HIPPS system requires frequent testing to meet SIL requirements, which seems difficult on subsea...
According to API 521, 4th edition (March 1997), section 3.19.1:
"[...] Where fire is controlling, it may be appropriate to limit the application of vapor depressuring to facilities that operate at 250 psi (1724 kPa(g)) and above, where the size of the equipment and volume of the contents...
According to API 521, 4th edition (March 1997), section 3.19.1:
"[...] Where fire is controlling, it may be appropriate to limit the application of vapor depressuring to facilities that operate at 250 psi (1724 kPa(g)) and above, where the size of the equipment and volume of the contents...
API RP520 part I, section 3.3.3.1.3 (page 36) reads:
"In a conventional pressure relief valve application, built-up backpressure should not exceed 10% of the set pressure at 10% allowable overpressure. A higher maximum allowable built-up backpressure may be used for allowable overpressures...
A amine flash drum is a 3-phase separator that separates a stream into water, oil and off-gas. The "oil" could contain C4s and C5s. When calculating the relief flow for the fire case, I find a very large flow when using heat of vaporisation of n-butane. Since vessel is mainly filled...
Is anyone aware of a method to allow building on land that is yet to be reclaimed from (relatively) deep sea? Point is that project is fast track (so there is no time to wait for settling out of the soil), and method used should be friendly to the environment...
For checking of a flare header, we have to decide which partial power failures can be disregarded as uncredible.
The electrical system of the refinery consists of two main substations, located in two separate buildings. Each substation consists of two switchboards, each distributing the power to...
For checking of a flare header, we have to decide which partial power failures can be disregarded as uncredible.
The electrical system of the refinery consists of two main substations, located in two separate buildings. Each substation consists of two switchboards, each distributing the power to...
For checking of a flare header, we have to decide which partial power failures can be disregarded as uncredible.
The electrical system of the refinery consists of two main substations, located in two separate buildings. Each substation consists of two switchboards, each distributing the power to...
