What is the difference (if any) between a Load Indicating Washer (LIW) and a Direct Tension Indicating Washer (DTI)? To me, LIWs are a general term where DTIs are a specific type of LIW. Am I correct about this? I am just looking to gain a general understanding of this topic, so any/all input...
How is everybody engineering stiffened plate and plate girders? Are you still engineering by hand or using a computer program to model them? Our engineering department uses STAAD.Pro, but no one seems to know of an efficient way to model the stiffened plate. Modeling the stiffened plate alone...
