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1.What do "W&L" and "AGVWR" stand for in the above image? 2. What is the unit for tire size?https://files.engineering.com/getfile.aspx?folder=e9842797-ae56-4f09-bac7-b5f0c580e7b7&file=W&L_AGVWR.jpg

I am reading utility and civil drawings and there are schedules showing locations of all kinds of pipes under a roadway, such as watermains and sewers. There are offset R/L figures in these schedules, are R or L meaning offset to the Right or Left in reference to the center line of the roadway...

What do the abbreviation CIR., B.C. and H.L.I. in “2100mm⌀ CIR.B.C. H.L.I. COMBINED SEWER” mean?

I don't have much experience in masonry needling, shoring and propping, and found this: https://fortuneluxuryhomes.com/2022/01/23/what-is-needling-or-propping-in-construction%EF%BF%BC/ What do the U-Shape Needles mentioned in the article look like?

Does the mass of a cladding panel affect wind load on it? where does the code, for example, Ontario building code, say about this?

Retail store buildings usually have transfer beams on 2nd floor (ceiling of 1st floor) to reduce the number of columns, so that there would be large space on ground floor for retail stores, what type of irregularity would this type of buildings have? Vertical stiffness irregularity? Thanks for...

Windows 7, Pycharm 2020, Python 3.7, comtypes 1.1.10, attach to Etabs 18.1.1 instance: import sys import comtypes.client # set the following flag to True to attach to an existing instance of the program # otherwise a new instance of the program will be started AttachToInstance = True if...

CAS A23.3-19 clause 21.5.3.4 Conditions for reduced wall thickness Limit A in Clause 21.5.3.2 and Limit B in Clause 21.5.3.3 shall not be required to apply to a) any part of a wall that under factored vertical and lateral loads are not more than halfway from the neutral axis to the compression...

I've never dug deep into the details of open web steel joist design. One thing I've been thinking is the extension of the bottom chord. I found the attached paper on the internet, which discusses in length about the bottom chord extension. My question is, when the bottom chord extends to a...

There is a challenge task to design a steel transfer beam to support a few storey concrete hollow block masonry wall(190 thick)above. These masonry walls above are load bearing ones, giving a total force of 5,000KN on the beam. The beam spanning 8 meter will be supported on two steel columns...