is there a rule of thumb for calculating the flow rate of sanitary sewer through a hospital sewer line? For example, X gallons per day per number of beds in a hospital. As a structural engineer, building codes typically have tables listing what loads are to be used for the design of hospital...
I believe this should be an easy one for you all. I am locating a PVC 4"-diameter pipe underneath a slab on grade in a loading dock area. The PVC pipe will be approximately 12 inches below the slab on grade which is approximately 6 inches thick for a total of 18 inches below the loading point...
Question 1:
Are the horizontal ties (i.e. ladder ties) located between the faces of CMU block spaced between every block or at a standard spacing?
Question 2:
What is the standard gauge size for horizontal ladder ties?
Thanks for your help.
I need to investigate wind load design criteria that were used for structures built in the 1950s. Any suggestions on where I can obtain such information and how the criteria have changed and become more or less stringent compared to today's criteria used by ASCE 7-02?
