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Dear all, I have some doubts regarding overflow protection of storage tanks apart from the level gauges and similar protections. I mean, in case level control fails whether it is uasual to provide another menas of protection such as overflow slots or similar. In my case I am working with fixed...

Dear all! I am facing a propane and butane bulk transfer system from horizontal bullets vessels towards rail tank wagons with no vapor return line. As far as I know in steady state the pressure inside the LPG vessels will depend only on their temperature and will be coincident with the LPG...

Dear all! I am facing a propane and butane bulk transfer system from horizontal bullets vessels towards rail tank wagons with no vapor return line. As far as I know in steady state the pressure inside the LPG vessels will depend only on their temperature and will be coincident with the LPG...

Hello, I have usually seen in refinery LPG storages the use of both spheres and bullets. Which is the reason for combining both types of storages? I have been told that LPG refinery production goes to spheres from which is stored in bullets and LPG are exported from this bullets towards the...

Dear all, I have seen storage tanks (crude oil, diesel, kerosene,..) which have different bottom types: some of them have conical shape (slope approx. 1:120) with the tank center being the highest point and a drawoff sump near the shell but in other cases the bottom has inverted conical shape...

Dear all, I have seen storage tanks (crude oil, diesel, kerosene,..) which have different bottom types: some of them have conical shape (slope approx. 1:120) with the tank center being the highest point and a drawoff sump near the shell but in other cases the bottom has inverted conical shape...

Dear all! I am dealing with the sizing of the required capacity of the impoundment (diked) area around two crude oil storage tanks. I know that according to NFPA 30 it must be as a minimum equal to the largest tank volume. My question regards to the fire fighting water storage. I thought that...

Dear all! I am dealing with the sizing of the required capacity of the impoundment (diked) area around two crude oil storage tanks. I know that according to NFPA 30 it must be as a minimum equal to the largest tank volume. My question regards to the fire fighting water storage. I thought that...

Dear all!! I am designing my first steam accumulator for a thermosolar power plant. Could anybody suggest me any publication, code, etc with good documentation and rules about it? Thanks and best regards

Dear all! I am quite used to ANSI standards but now I have to deal with a piping project with DIN pipes. I am looking for something similar to ANSI B16.5 but DIN, where I could find for the different materials the temperature-pressure ratings and maximum operating temperatures. Does anyone know...

Dear all! I am quite new in API 650 design, and I have a question about supported cone roof design. Is there any API publicatiosn regarding this issue? (rafters design, compression ring, shell to roof junction, etc) because I think it is not included in API 650. Or perhaps there is any other...

Hello all! We are condidering the possibility of using welded alloy pipe A691 P91 Cl. 42 in a hot reheat system (30 bar, 575ºC) instead of semaless A335 P91 pipe. Manufacturer tell us that all its properties after normalized and tempering are the same than seamless pipe but we are not very sure...

Is it useful to install stiffening rings in a buried steel pipe? Designing it according to AWWA M11 I can't find any calculation where they influence in any way, but I have seen several buried pipes with these rings. If a buried pipe is similar to a pipe under external pressure, why are they not...

Does anybody knows where can I find the method to calculate the bending moments of a buried pipe in its crown, springline and invert, depending on the vertical and lateral (soil reaction) forces? Thank you and best regards.

Dear all, I am designing a bruried steel pipe of 100" which can be subjected to a vacuum of 10 psi. I was going to use the Iowa-Spangler deflection formula in order to choose its thickness. But I have a doubt: The internal pressure of the pipe (in this case vacuum as I have told) shouldn't...

Dear all, As you know OSHA requires that some components of industrial plants to be certified by a NRTL (like Factory Mutual)in some services. It's my first project in US and I do not know if steel valves and pipes in fire fighting system must be certified in any sense or, on the contrary...

Dear all, As you know, ASME B31.1 states that stresses due to sustained loads are lower than Sh. When calculating longitudinal stress due to sustained loads only moments and pressure effect is taken into account but not stress due to axial loads (for example Bourdon effect). Does anybody know...

Dear all!! It is generally said that carbon steel parts can nor work at tempeartures higher than, approx. 800 F due to carbide phase may be converted to graphite, but I do not know the influence of time in that process, I mean, is there a minimum necesary time for that process to happen? That is...

Dear all!! I am designing an atmospheric flash tank that receives the drains of the steam lines from the different pipes of a power plant. My question is the following: I know the temperature and pressure of the drains at the take-off point (i.e 22 bar, 300ºC)and that the tank is vented to the...

Dear all, As far as I know, allowable expansion stresses of B31 codes has got the aim of avoiding incremental cyclic plastic strains in pipes (ratchetting)that could lead to collapse. But, is it possibble that strains of a pipe under thermal cycles could get bigger and bigger up to pipe...