In AREMA -2011 Manual the first service load combination mentioned in table-8.2.4 shows Dead Load + Live Load + Impact etc. and allows
for "Allowable Percentage of Basic Unit Stress" as 100 % which means no increase. for the rest of the combinations the basic unit stress has been increased.
i...
i want to know how to convert moving axle loads of vehicles into equivalent uniformly distributed load ? i want those to check the stability of existing bridges.