Looking at AWS D1.1 2010 pg 80. Figure 3.3, Joint Designation BTC-P5.
It shows minimum plate thickness as 5/16", minimum root face of 1/8", and effective weld size of S1+S2-1/4. So 5/16"-1/8"-1/4" should be the effective weld size for 5/16" plate but that number is negative. The 5/16" minimum...