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  1. TiCl4

    Free Vent for API 650 Tank - Bug Screen / Bird Screen Requirement

    To LI's point, I have specified bird screens in the past, with ~1-2" diamond mesh screens. Going small diameter for a "bug" mesh (<0.25"?) does seem like a good recipe to get clogged with dirt or even just rust.
  2. TiCl4

    Free Vent for API 650 Tank - Bug Screen / Bird Screen Requirement

    Cab, In the past, I have gone with option 2A you presented - increase opening size until actual free area >=required free area. I don't know of any available correlations for pressure drop through a bird mesh, but your number of 50% area reduction seems reasonable. I seem to remember the mesh I...
  3. TiCl4

    Control Valve Pressure Survey

    Shvet is correct - Cv for control valves is calculated based on permanent pressure loss. If your taps are too close to outlet of the valve, you will be seeing a pressure drop that includes both permanent and recoverable pressure drop. Note that this arrangement is different that orifice flow...
  4. TiCl4

    Friedel's Model (two-phase) and Noise Attenuation Questions

    Shvet, Thank you, that is exactly what I was looking for - there is an initial calculation, of which I was aware, of the dB related to a PSV discharging to atmosphere. I did not see the 5.5.12.2 section that had the rule of thumb for the 6dB per 100 pipe diameters attenuation.
  5. TiCl4

    Friedel's Model (two-phase) and Noise Attenuation Questions

    Pierre, would you mind showing your calculations to that effect? Attached is the Friedel correlation spreadsheet. I've also checked online Friedel calculators against the spreadsheet, and had relatively good agreement. For fun, I also checked pure steam table correlations, and found similar...
  6. TiCl4

    Friedel's Model (two-phase) and Noise Attenuation Questions

    Greg, That was a main question. The end of the tailpipe will vent outside the building (above the roof), and will be well away from any workers. I guess my questions was this: Is the noise calculation taken as the sound level at the discharge point of the tailpipe, or is there inherent noise at...
  7. TiCl4

    Friedel's Model (two-phase) and Noise Attenuation Questions

    I have a vessel with MAWP of 50 psig, with relief case required of 920 lb/hr of steam. I've selected a Kunkle 910-series, with rated capacity of 1,062 lb/hr steam. The PSV will be directly mounted on the tank nozzle, and will discharge through a tailpipe. The tailpipe exact routing is TBD, as we...
  8. TiCl4

    Pipe Minimum Wall Thickness Calculation Using EN 13480 - Part 3

    Pavan, I think LI's point about pipe ordering means that you don't order pipe with a nominal size and a specified thickness (unless you want a horrendously expensive custom pipe). Instead, you get a minimum thickness from design equations, then find the next thickness up, and order that...
  9. TiCl4

    Non-Newtonian fluid ratholing

    Think about it this way. Shear stress is proportional to the differential velocity as a function of r (the du/dy term). Microscopically, the shell is immobile, and the surface molecules of the shell are being "pulled" (or pushed, if you want to think about the layer-to-layer friction that way)...
  10. TiCl4

    Non-Newtonian fluid ratholing

    Best case has a near 0-0 intercept on the green line (stress-shear curve). That tells me it's a standard shear thinning fluid (shear thinning due to the clear viscosity drop with shear rate. The worst case has a non-zero, but still small stress intercept near 15 ish Pa (this is called the yield...
  11. TiCl4

    Non-Newtonian fluid ratholing

    Farmer, There were two points to the exercise. Firstly, to get an idea of your flow profile shape. I think it's pretty clear that you have, as you initially suspected, a "pluglike" flow of faster core material with a shell of slow/sluggish material. Secondly, for your worst case material, it...
  12. TiCl4

    Non-Newtonian fluid ratholing

    You have an actual pressure drop of 1.5 bar per meter of pipe?
  13. TiCl4

    Non-Newtonian fluid ratholing

    ...your pipeline, you can use that as your K value.) What I call "K" the author calls mu, and they use pressure drop as K. You are using K as Pa*s, when it needs to be pressure drop along the pipe length (dP/dz). This may be the issue with the lack of "flattening" as your pipe size changes, and...
  14. TiCl4

    Non-Newtonian fluid ratholing

    Notation correction: In the last part of my prior post, the picture for velocity profile includes mu and K. The author of that paper denoted K as the dP/dz, and used mu for what I called "K". Just an FYI, as the math won't math out otherwise. If you know what pressure drop you are getting...
  15. TiCl4

    Non-Newtonian fluid ratholing

    Also, if you do the steps above, make sure to graph velocity, v, versus r (distance from center). This will give you a velocity profile in your pipe. Give the extreme shear-thinning nature here, I would expect to see velocity drop off from the center and very quickly approach 0. You won't ever...
  16. TiCl4

    Non-Newtonian fluid ratholing

    ...consistency index [du/dy] = shear rate, 1/s N = Flow Behavior Index Apparent Viscosity Ƞ = τv / [du/dy] Eqn 2 Ƞ = apparent viscosity, Pa*s Ƞ = K [du/dy]N / [du/dy] Eqn 3. Combines Eq 1 and 2. Ƞ = K [du/dy]N-1 Eqn 4. Linearize by log function. Log[Ƞ] = (N-1)*Log(...
  17. TiCl4

    Heat Exchanger UA value - Query

    To be honest, the only time I've seen UA calculated as a whole unit is on existing heat exchangers where you need to track fouling over time. Since the A is fixed, you don't really need to look up the area on each individual heat exchanger. Instead, you divide the heat load by the LMTD to get...
  18. TiCl4

    chloride diffusion in ptfe vs eptfe

    I think OP means chlorine gas, which can indeed permeate through PTFE material. The mechanism by which this occurs is periodic substitution of a F with a Cl on the polymer chain. Though F affinity is higher, it can be substituted by a Cl. Since F affinity is higher, it will return to kick the Cl...
  19. TiCl4

    Reactor MoC : High Salt Concentration

    I've sent you a PM.
  20. TiCl4

    Reactor MoC : High Salt Concentration

    Firstly, thank you for all the help you’ve given thus far. I am sorry for the continued questions, but my company doesn’t have any experience with these types of alloys, so I am having to rely on senior Google and helpful strangers like yourself. (Edit: Answered my own question. Found out...

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