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  1. ubrales

    Grain orientation on flat parts

    All parts whether flat, formed or drawn are subject to stress. If not, you don't need that part. Therefore, if the direction of grain is unspecified, then, design or fabricate the part such that the stress is along the direction of grain. And similarly bend or form at 90 degrees to the...
  2. ubrales

    Can concrete dust explode ?

    No, concrete dust will not ignite or explode - in fact, might be a good flame retardant. On unknown dust concentrations, I would flame test a small sample in a controlled environment. Check to see whether a chunk of the parent material will burn at different temperatures.
  3. ubrales

    Need info on coining

    Coins can be produced at slow speeds or at high speeds. In both cases the process is different. At slow speeds, the force is utilized to cause the metal to yeild, work hardening occurs throughout the coining process and therefore higher tonnages is required. At high speeds, the process is an...
  4. ubrales

    German - English Dictionary for MS Project

    Ruediger, I don't have the URL, and plase look it up at Siemens AG, Erlangen factory and you will get some leads. Ubrales
  5. ubrales

    German - English Dictionary for MS Project

    Ruediger, one of the finest technical terms dictionary (German/English) that I found was from Siemens AG. Try the Erlangen R&D facility. However, I must admit, even with this dictionary, I ran into some terminology that gave us problems. The German word was "Liboka". This drove us nuts -...
  6. ubrales

    General question about hardening and tempering process

    TCWONG, yes there is a relationship between BHN (Brinnell Hardness Number) and UTS (Ultimate Tensile Strength) - generally, the higher the BHN, the higher the UTS. And the BHN is negatively correlated to the toughness. When you go for higher hardness, you are sacrificing toughness and the part...
  7. ubrales

    Cast Iron Engine Block Nitriding

    Chad, I have done Nitriding on Inserts for Die Casting Dies and have some of the answers: 1. Nitriding may be done only after all machining operations such as grinding, lapping, polishing, etc. are completed. The nitrided case becomes glass hard, very brittle and is approx. Rockwell C 70. 2...
  8. ubrales

    WEAPONS FOUNDATION MACHINING PROBLEMS

    Find a machine shop that has a boring mill that can handle the entire machining in one chucking. It is virtually impossible to get a good flat machine base in multiple chuckings - this is beacause the bed and the machining spindle will move ever so slightly during the cut. Also, it is...
  9. ubrales

    Nobody offers me a job, even an interview...!

    Saeed, 76% in Asia is the equivalent of "A" in the U.S. - also, distinction in Asia is "Straight A with Honors" in U.S. terminology. Please re-write your resume with these important factors. Otherwise, U.S. companies will think that you graduated with a "C". I...
  10. ubrales

    Oxygen sensors

    The upstream O2 sensor is called the "Control Sensor" and the downstream O2 sensor is called the "Monitoring Sensor". Most people refer to these as "Sensors", hence the confusion. The Control Sensor sets the Air/Fuel mixture and ensures that the mixture is lean...
  11. ubrales

    Stress Determination by Crack Inspection

    The original stress was in the direction 90 degrees to the crack - the crack has relieved the stress somewhat and may have changed the direction of the new stress. Fatigue may be a factor. In any case, a detailed analysis needs to be conducted since a crack is the first sign of impending...
  12. ubrales

    Turning on a lathe -- final pass

    Ensure that the final pass has enough material to cut and not scrape - allow about 0.010" for this cut - the feed depends upon the finish desired. A common error is to allow 0.005" or less for the final cut - this is too little material for a cut.
  13. ubrales

    Engineering dept staffed with unqualified "engrs"

    I have a BSME and an MBA from a top US business school, The University of Chicago. My experience with engineering managers is that a good eng. mgr. need not necessarily have an eng. degree. A degree is the quickest and most disciplined way of attaining knowledge. However, knowledge can be...
  14. ubrales

    Drilling holes using a pilot hole

    All the above ideas are good - I would like to add to the suggestions. Since the final drill will follow the pre-drilled hole, it is a good idea to pre-drill (pilot) using a 2-fluted slot drill (looks like a milling cutter). Slot drills will provide truer hole locations as compared to twist...
  15. ubrales

    WELDING ROBOT

    Because of the weight of the parts involved, I would choose a gantry type of robot or a robot installed upside down. What is equally important is a well designed fixture. Put these things together in the form of a well written set of specifications clearly outlining the tolerances before and...
  16. ubrales

    Dealing with negative co-workers....

    engineerdave In times like this, I am reminded of the story of the sparrow. It goes like this: When Winter came, most of the birds flew South, to warmer climates. One little sparrow ignored this practice and decided to stay put. Winter set in and the days got colder and colder. The sparrow...
  17. ubrales

    Buying a rebuild house fire

    I would make sure that whatever (faulty wiring comes to mind) caused the fire is completely re-engineered, not just re-done. Visit the local fire dept. and listen to those guys - they can provide a wealth of information based on years and years of experience. Visit with people from a fire...
  18. ubrales

    Continous Solenoid: Normally ON vs Normally OFF?

    Dave Try a latching relay/solenoid with a manual override to handle unexpected malfunctions. One short signal will change its state from NC/NO to NO/NC, therefore there is no continuous current draw for the coil. As far as sizing this device - the starter draws up to 300 Amps, however, check...
  19. ubrales

    cavitation defination

    The definitions of Cavitation in the replies are accurate. Usually cavitation is the formation and subsequent collapse of bubbles formed by negative pressure, around 6 psi or less, absolute. When a perfectly round bubble collapses, a finite amount of force is directed to the center of the...

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