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...more doubts. Why compression steel is not contributing to punching shear strength ? For my case , Ast1 & Ast2 are almost same area. Why BS 8110 is considering critical section for punching at a distance of 1.5 * d ? Other code ACI & India considering at a distance 0.5 *d only. Thanks Nitin Patel

...punching shear. Steel Ast1 & Ast2 both are in tension zone.( top & bottom bars of bottom slab ) effective Depth = d2 - cover % tensile steel = 100* ( Ast1 + Ast2) / ( B *effective Depth) Considering Ast1 + Ast2 for calculating % tensile steel is correct approach ? Thanks Nitin Patel...

...as live metal clearance required under no swing position. What distance you provide as per NESC ? As per NESC 1% extra clearance is required above 1000m for every 100m. So for line at 1500m altitude , extra clearance is (1500-1000)/100 * 1 = 5% extra clearance require. Correct me if I am wrong.

It is horizontal span length.

In IEC 60071 ,why there are multiple values for one system voltage. For example for 220 Line. System highest voltage = 245 KV Short duration power frequency withstand voltage 360,395,460 Lightening withstand impulse voltage 850,950,1050. May be silly question , As I am Civil engineer. Thanks...

Section length is sum of spans between angle towers (Tension Towers). I am not sure about how it is related with wind loading. Nitin

How to calculate required distance between arcing horn on insulator (Line side to tower side) of 220 KV transmission line for line having altitude of 1500 m to 2000 m above mean sea level. Does this distance depend on elevation of line ? Does it depend on rated impulse withstand voltage of...

How to calculate required distance between arcing horn on insulator (Line side to tower side) of 220 KV transmission line for line having altitude of 1500 m to 2000 m above mean sea level. Does this distance depend on elevation of line ? Does it depend on rated impulse withstand voltage of...

How can we develop ( Manual / Excel sheet ) sag tension calculation of conductor considering creep effect ? We are doing this using PLS Cadd . Is there any books / reference material so that we can match the result of PlsCADD in excel / Manual calculation ? Thanks Nitin Patel

1-MT stand for metric ton 2-100*100*7 is steel angle section ( L shape )with both flange having 100mm width and 7mm thickness. 3-Minimizing wastage is main criteria.If we minimize wastage balanced material can be used for other project. 4- ??? 5- YES [wink] Regard

Dear all During cutting if remaining Pieces length is less then 500 mm then it is a wastage. If it is more than 500 mm then we can consider that same pieces will be utilized for other project.So minimum wastage is the goal. Also please note that cost is define as $/MT. Excel file is...

Can you please provide steps/methods ( Reading materials) required to find out solution. preferably with EXCEL/ EXCEL VBA Regards Nitin

1 - You should not ( Can not ) count splice plate and splice angle area for net area calculation. 2 - No of holes for deduction minimum Four ( In case of no zig zak failure). For design consider Six to Seven in PLS. 3 - 103% ( With out considering splice plate & angle )is OK as in real...

Can someone suggest how to determine optimum cutting schedule from a give stocks of angle sections using excel? Stock data 100*100*7 ---- 5000 mm 150 qty cost 1000 $/MT 100*100*7 ---- 6500 mm 25 qty cost 1050 $/MT 90*90*6 --- 6500 mm 100 qty cost 1020 $/MT 90*90*6 ---- 5500...

For heavy tower many a times redundant design is govern by % of leg load. We have to design redundant for 1.5 to 2.5 % of leg load. Nitin

This is 500KV S/C tower. Loadings are as per IEC. Tower is square base. we are using PLS Tower for analysis. During testing some redundant members are added ( Refer attached line diagram ). Tower is successfully tested with added redundant members. My point is , Even if ASCE 10-97 clause is for...

P7 is corner leg , P7T is lattice member of transverse face and P7L is lattice member of longitudinal face. P7 is supported from both face. ( Not staggered ). Member P7T and P7L are not supported from two side at every point. We face problem during tower testing with this pattern during...

AS per ASCE 10-97 while calculating l/r for leg member which is continuously staggered as shown in fig 3.2 b and 3.2 c of ASCE 10-97 , we have to consider kl/r = 1.2 l/r. Does this apply only to leg members or it will be applicable to lattice member also. (Lattice p7T as shown in attachement) ...

Whatever wind load values you calculate ( Manually or Through PLS ), before testing do PLS Tower analysis with wind load as point load on model and make sure that all members are OK. Do not forgot to distribute wind load on top and bottom nodes. Nitin Patel

...KN in guy wire. We have to design for 405 KN tension. Guy slope with horizontal plane is 54 Degree. After deciding shape of dead man anchor(3.5m * 0.45m * 0.45 m )and Foundation depth ( 3.0 m ) how to calculate uplift capacity of foundation ?. Is there any book / code available for...