A quenched and tempered low alloy steel with a minimum hardness specification of 341-BHN would be generally expected to achieve a yield strength of 130,000-psi and an ultimate tensile strength of 160,000-psi.
What percentage of samples tested could fall below the expected yield and ulimate values?
The American Gear Manufacturers Association (AGMA)- of which H&S as a member - offers on-line training courses.
http://www.agma.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Online_Education
The strength level quoted in the Engineering Fracture Mechanics 72 (2008) 1148-1170 is very high and consequently the toughness lower than normal.
Core strength properties of 9310 material which has been through a carburize cycle are more typically UTS 140 - 150 ksi, YS 100 - 125 ksi
Fracture...
I looked through the MIL document before I posted and the marking was not clearly identified. There is an "LM" shown for Levingstom Machine Company, Haltom City, Texas but the shape of the lettering is different.