The standard you want is IEEE 450.
Also, the charger should have several stages of charging. The bulk charge might be about 10 percent of capacity, but the finish charge is a fraction of that.
Lead acid batteries need maintenance and equalization charging.
Please be careful as those batteries...
Another bit of practical advice would be to trench the signal, install the conduit, and bury the trench. Then, open a new trench for the electrical, install the conduit, have a roll of ID tape onsite, call for inspection on your permit.
That way, you can run the trencher one time. Assumes that...
I would call the utilities and ask.
12 inches would be a minimum. This is for interference.
I would dig separate trenches, but some jurisdictions don't require that if the conductors are in conduit. As a practical matter, the next homeowner may get new cable or whatever, and you don't want the...
You might also look at an IES Handbook which gives optimal lighting levels for different kinds of industrial work.
There is free software for determining illumination levels for different fixtures. I would probably farm that out to an industrial engineer, though.
The standard of care is following generally accepted engineering practice and standards.
On a commercial property such as a grocery, the inspector will check compliance with NEC and any local amendments. Visual inspection and that is it.
If a commissioning test or periodic maintenance test is...
IEEE STD 142 would be a good place to start.
One size does not fit all here.
Earth conductivity, lightning likelihood, frequencies and impedance of the ground system, electronics in the building, etc.
Method of building construction will affect the design decision.
Too many considerations...
NACE International writes standards for corrosion protection. You may want to check with them. They will need to know the type of underground object that you wish to test.
End grain is susceptible to water wicking. Caps will help mitigate that.
The cap will not affect lightning. In any case, the ground wire running with the pole down to the butt protects the pole from physical damage.
Your questions will all boil down to accuracy.
The more resistance in the leads, the less accurate the reading will be.
Maximum cable distance will be after accounting for contact resistances. Maximum cable will also account for cable configuration and electromagnetic interference...
"Grounding ring" I'm assuming is a buried conductor surrounding the perimeter of the facility. It distributes energy from the lightning protection system; or provides an electrical ground; or distributes energy from lightning electric and magnetic fields, and ground potential rise from external...
It's all a compromise.
#2 will carry the energy and is physically big enough to withstand abuse. Many projects with long life will spec 4/0 to compensate for long term corrosion.
#2 stranded will take more abuse than solid. But in corrosive soils solid is better and tinned even better.
#2...
Maybe I can offer a bit more experience here.
Coordinate the dickens out of the foundation effort. The CE's see it as holding up the structure; they have no thought as to the grounding, bonding, and lightning performance.
For example, if the mat foundation is designed with post-tensioned...
The copper grid must be tied electrically to the steel. This is safety and lightning protection.
Copper and steel are not that far apart on the galvanic scale.
Detailing can be found in NASA KSC-STD-E-0012E, Facility Grounding ...
The other issue would be if the steel piles are in chemically...
Recommended Practice
for Establishing
Ground Potential Rise (GPR)
and Zone of Influence (ZOI) by Bill Petersen,
President, Protection Technologies Inc., could be useful to you.
