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Recent content by kkala49

  1. kkala49

    Valves heat loss - multiplication factors

    I understand the valve has same heat loss as 3.84 ft of same diameter pipe. The external (uninsulated) surface of this piece of pipe is about 0.62 m2. If heat loss from pipe is 300 W/m2, heat loss from valve with same insulation would be 186 W. Look into Engineering Sample Problem in the...
  2. kkala49

    Ion Balance in Wastewater

    For each ion, mgeqv/lt = ion charge X mgion/l (e.g. ion charge for Ba++ is 2). So relation for gions in post no 2 (and its simplified example) is equivalent to that for geqvs. All positive and negative ions have to be considered (even "hidden") in the "electrical" balance, including water...
  3. kkala49

    Deaerator level control

    Two deaerators in a local refinery are fed with water of 10-91 oC (but often 60-90 oC, due to preheating with waste streams). Controls are LCV for incoming water and PCV for steam. Though not close to boiler Operations, I have never heard of above problem, probably because useful volume of each...
  4. kkala49

    Ion Balance in Wastewater

    Sorry, links mentioned in previous post do not work. Whole name of them is "http://www.chem.sc.edu/analytical/chem111/backup_080707/solubility.html" "http://bilbo.chm.uri.edu/CHM112/tables/KspTable.htm" Hopefully they will work now, it seems better to include then in quotation marks than in < >
  5. kkala49

    Ion Balance in Wastewater

    Although my water chemistry knowledge comes from University age, I think that balance of (ion concentration)*(ion electric charge) is valid, to result in an electrically neutral solution. For instance, suppose a solution of BaCl2 0.1 M (0.208 mg/l), having received few drops of aq HCl to result...
  6. kkala49

    Licht, W. H. Koch, &quot;New design approach boosts cyclone efficiency&quot;, Chemical Egineering, N

    Have a look at <http://www.google.gr/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&sqi=2&ved=0CDEQFjAB&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.enq.ufsc.br%2Fdisci%2Feqa5313%2Fcyclone.xls&ei=qywJUZraH8vMsgaeqYFY&usg=AFQjCNHgDMCV1W1qa2ev_URqGO9m6QB8YQ&sig2=GMAMdrtwttE58ZW4A-L6Vg&bvm=bv.41642243,d.Yms> first. It is not...
  7. kkala49

    LPG Storage Options - Refrigerated or Pressurized

    LPG spheres can be "constructed" up 3000 - 8000 m3, depending on max steel plate thickness that can be "locally" beveled; see <http://www.cheresources.com/invision/topic/10530-lpg-spherical-tank>. Capacity of 30000 m3 would require a lot of spheres, probably not desirable. A single refrigerated...
  8. kkala49

    50% sulfuric acid and stainless steel

    Perry's Chemical Engineers' Handbook (4th ed, Materials of Construction) reports good corrosion resistance to 50% sulphuric acid of polyethylene and other plastics (butyl rubber, nitrile rubber, unplasticized PVC, high impact styrene copolymers); at least up to recorded temperatures, 130 oF or...
  9. kkala49

    Free water content in heavy fuel oil

    Thanks Qalander (Chem), higher temperatures and longer settling time will promote water sedimentation. Will 2 days at 85 oC be able to brake even emulsions? Probably yes; more data on it (available by anybody) would be desirable. Here stored fuel oil is not heated more than 92 oC (starting from...
  10. kkala49

    Free water content in heavy fuel oil

    In addition to above post, <http://www.cheresources.com/invision/topic/16670-emulsion-heater-treater> and mentioned web references indicate it infeasible to break crude - water emulsions at temperatures as low as 60 oC in a short time. Mentioned fuel oil settling in tanks would occur in few days...
  11. kkala49

    Free water content in heavy fuel oil

    Thanks, Qalander(Chem), I have also read of such mixing (not seen in practice). In this case fuel oil vapor pressure at pump suction would be the sum of water and oil vapor pressures. But this has not been detected in the fuel oil pump data sheets locally seen. Can fuel oil - water separation...
  12. kkala49

    Acid tank level indication

    Indeed, cloa, alloys resistant to hydrochloric acid cannot be characterized as stainless steels. Perry (Chemical Engineers' HB, 4th ed - 1963, Materials of Construction) indicates only Chlorimet 2 (and Zirconium) as low corrosion metals at ambient temperature, although this is a very rough...
  13. kkala49

    Free water content in heavy fuel oil

    In 2007 we worked on a heavy fuel oil (max s.g.~0.96, it could be higher) transfer to boilers by use of centrifugal pumps. To reduce its viscosity, the oil had to be heated to about 60 oC in the suction atmospheric tank. The latter received fuel oil from a bigger similar tank and this from...
  14. kkala49

    Acid tank level indication

    A floating ball in a vertical stainless steel pipe fastened to tank ceiling can be a way out. You can clean the pipe internally by pulling the ball out, standing on the ceiling. This was successfully applied in phosphoric acid tanks (containing gypsum, ~1979), even agitated.
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