I've run into this in a number of structures, usually in hot climates such as Texas, Arizona, etc.
Thermal bowing (Sun Cambering) can be calculated quite easily with some minimal info. The most difficult information to obtain is the temperature differential from the hot surface to the cooler...
Shear area is a term that represents the efeective area in direct shear. In wide flange shape the effective shear area (Av) is approximtely Av = tw x d,
In a round shape the effective shear area Av is 60% the gross area (Ag)...... Av=0.6 x Ag This is a geometric property and is independent of...
It is a catch 22 question. Assuming pinned normally is a conservative approach. Relying on fixity requires that the rotational restraint load path be followed and will effectively shorten your column design length. The rules I profess in our office:
1: It is OK to ignore his accidental fixity...
Many gaurd rails are designed to span as catinary action eg. cable rails seen in parking garages and elswhere. Many gaurd rails only meet code by activating many posts (Catinary). We confirmed this with OSHA 20+ years past.
Remember the final result, safety of the person. So deflection would...
Hello
All responses can be correct. I have studied this type of condition and the TS member can provide sufficient bracing as a rotational support. If the restraint moment capacity is sufficient the channels can be considered braced. If the TS moment capacity is insufficient then the channels...
It sounds like it could be "Strain Age Embrittlement". I am familiar with this in steels and can't tell you where to research in aluminum, although the cause is the same.
Strain Age Embrittlement is a result of cold forming and is related to material properties and bend radius. The...
I've found Nylock to be a good solution, particularly in tension type attachments.
Alternatives are:
1: A325 or A490 bolt/nut properly tightened
2: Double nutting to lock
3: Tack welding nut to bolt body
