I think Hokie is right that you are out of your depth. Although Hokie wants to terminate his discussion I think it wrong to leave you high and dry. I will close my contribution with some general remarks. (1) You as an individual and you as the firm you work for should recognise when you are...
I haven't understood whether the lateral load you speak of is in the plane of the trusses (ie left to right, and vice versa) or do you mean at right angles to the plane of the truss (going into or out of the paper)? It seems you could have lateral loads in both directions. Therefore the frame...
Please may I ask: If I had two rows of bolts and wanted to know the forces on the bolts I suppose I would use an adaptation of the shear stress formula f=QAy/Ib
If I have a single row of bolts at mid-height, for the whole length of the beam, how do I calculate the force on each bolt then?
Let W1 be the load going onto first beam. W2 is load on second beam. Total W = W1+W2. The equate the deflections and the equations solve simultaneously.
It's important to distinguish between flush end plates and extended end plates. Extended end plates can definitely be designed to have moment capacity equal to the beam, usually with a group of 4 bolts around the tension flange. You need to design it so that end plate plastic folding precedes...
Nobody else has answered, so I am suggesting that if a frame could be one of (a) deficient (b) sufficient or (c) redundant, then 'essentially complete' might be associated with (b) sufficient, meaning that it has just enough members and joints to satisfy equilibrium requirements. Most space...
I have tested a number of concrete beams that were inadequately reinforced for shear. They generally gave warning with cracks appearing at the neutral axis, before flexural cracks at the edge. They were never sudden failures because of flexural reinforcement, but I have heard that, at worst...
Understanding Systems Failure (Open University set book) [Paperback]
Victor Bignell (Editor), Joyce Fortune (Editor)
has a very good account of the West Gate Bridge collapse over the river Yarrah, Australia, among other failures.
In the UK, ....If the bolt is in shear, it will also be in bending apart from the bending moment you are superimposing. The code values for shear resistance come from tests that include an allowance for the bending associated with clearance holes. Engineers are not expected to calculate this...
A practical application could be a portion of a slender beam web where load is applied upwards to the top flange, and a separate downwards load at the mid-height of the web.
This sounds like a prestressed concrete solution would hold everything together when seismic activity occurs, plus no cracks at all if properly detailed. Admittedly more expensive, but it's the right approach.
Once the load is removed, there are no residual stresses arising from that applied load, although there may be some from a previous history of differential heating/cooling. But you do have residual strain (plastic deformation). When you bend a paper clip, there is no residual stress once you...
