labirynth rings serve as seal between impeller and the casing, reducing the loss of fluid.
are you designing a new pump? or you are an user trying to modify the existing one? in any case, this is a very complex and interesting issue, so be more specific!
large qty of chlorine (water is super-chlorinated for flushing, right) will adversely affect most of biological waste water treatment plants!
bisulfite ('scavanger') is commonly used on RO plants to remove active chlorine and protect membranes. this sounds like the best option to me!
first of all, transient analysis shall be done independently of the pump operating mode in the design stage, considering worst case scenario (stop can occur due to power failure, for example - don't expect that VFD will help you there).
For this system, you shall go with start/stop mode to...
increasing ph up to cca 9 will give immediate good results.
if this is potable water, high ph is not acceptable. chlorination + filtration (greensand) will work ok, but you need 3-4 times stechiometric chlorine dose for manganese.
0.02 mg/l mangane is quite low, we had this tested with Mn...
this makes little sense because you are discharging the same water you are taking from wells. but yes, regulations can be tricky!
70 ppb of arsenic however is quite usual concentration in raw water.
however, if you have to reduce it to 10 ppb prior to discharge, I reccomend 2 stage filtration...
'The use of VFD's aren't pratical in my case because operators may not be present to adjust the pump speed'....
You can program the VFD to meet the specified set point (given that it receives pressure and flow input signals which all of them can do) so it can operate automatically.
all...
as pointed above, it saves energy if you are pumping against actual water height in the tank, instead to the top of the tank.
other issue is if the pumps can stand varying head? if you don't have VFD, and pumps are pumping mostly against static head, it is not vise to put inlet on the bottom...
one big pump will probably have better efficiency than two smaller pumps delivering same Q,H; but this effect is not important compared to other design issues (proces demands, reliability...and commercial offers!)
usually we consider that by increasing pump size, relative dimensions of gaps and...
many types are available on the market. some thoughts from the top of my head:
1) calculate peak flows. check that the foreseen flow meter can meet min/max flow demands. having smaller water meter can save you some money (not much on that diameter) and remember that you need pipe reductions...
I did some calculations and @ -25C and tank of cca 500m3, water will start to freeze after 3 days without turnover at all.
since the raw well water is usually above 10C, it seems there is no problem with at least a minimal consumption.
Now i have to address the problem of potential surface...
Artisi is right.
note also that 'immediate' effect of cavitation is loss of power/head accompanied with noise, vibrations, etc.
but for pump itself (regarding the damage inflicted), cavitation is a long term process with cummulative effects, which may or may not be connected to loss of...
Hi all.
My company is dealing with water treatment and supply. We are trying to introduce above ground steel tanks for potable water, instead of most common concrete tanks that are installed below ground.
The problem at hand is do we need to include thermal insullation? Climate is moderate...
