major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
(OP)
That's the country of Colombia.
A major bridge, 440 metres span, collapsed during construction. Seems to be a cable-stayed bridge with concrete towers and deck. Seems like one tower and span collapsed during construction, killing at least 10 workers.
http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/colombia-bridg...
A bit more detail and photos showing the scale of the bridge
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/16/world/americas/...
A major bridge, 440 metres span, collapsed during construction. Seems to be a cable-stayed bridge with concrete towers and deck. Seems like one tower and span collapsed during construction, killing at least 10 workers.
http://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/colombia-bridg...
A bit more detail and photos showing the scale of the bridge
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/01/16/world/americas/...





RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
http://www.dw.com/en/bridge-collapse-in-colombia-k...
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
ETA: the thin deck caught my attention because the bridge was located in a narrow valley, a frequent source of higher winds, and bridges located therein are susceptible to vortex shedding loads. The deck of a cable stayed bridge is likely okay, although the issue has affected the stay cables on some such bridges.
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
I see that the roadway is off to one side with the top of the tower pointed the same way; this is also what I would expect if the strut on the other side failed first.
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
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RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
Mike Halloran
Pembroke Pines, FL, USA
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-5273177/10...
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
Keith Cress
kcress - http://www.flaminsystems.com
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
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RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
I don't know enough without research to comment authoritatively on lateral loads or labor/regulatory costs, but those must weigh in on the bay bridge's side too.
----
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RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
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RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
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RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
TTFN (ta ta for now)
I can do absolutely anything. I'm an expert! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BKorP55Aqvg
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RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
----
The name is a long story -- just call me Lo.
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSU8GozlAKc
Maybe a foundation failure? Almost looks like the tower is trying to rotate to the left and away from this perspective. Hard to tell for sure. The strut clearly ruptures after the tower starts moving though.
IC
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
True, winds could have been present, but I see no twisting or jerking or flexing of the cables, bridge deck, or tower prior to the lacking of the cables.
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
A wind gust may have been the trigger, but it looks as if everything went almost straight down.
Bill
--------------------
"Why not the best?"
Jimmy Carter
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
Mike McCann, PE, SE (WA)
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
Very sudden catastrophic collapse though. you would have thought something would have started to crack or creak or moan at some point before the initial collapse.
Remember - More details = better answers
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RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
On the 'sudden failure' aspect, would that suggest the furthest fork failed in shear right where the /\ section joins the V of the fork?
That said, it looks as though there is a good amount of dust kicked off the inside of the furthest fork - which I suppose suggest the concrete has essentially 'exploded' under the compression load running around the inside of the fork at bridge deck level. Or perhaps it is the re-bar being ripped out of the concrete?
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
My first though was what an odd way to build a bridge support tower when I saw a picture of the standing structure.
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
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RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
Remember - More details = better answers
Also: If you get a response it's polite to respond to it.
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
TTFN (ta ta for now)
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RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
Bill
--------------------
"Why not the best?"
Jimmy Carter
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
Real can of worms here.
Mike McCann, PE, SE (WA)
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
So, the weakest concrete and rebar at the top or bottom of the weakest joint of the four will fail first.
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
Mike McCann, PE, SE (WA)
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
Also, was there a crane on the top of the tower? Did they do something wrong with the crane and twist the tower?
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/colombia-brid...
This photo also suggests a beam or corbel on top of the diaphragm wall, which looks like it supports the roadway deck. Presumably, one of the functions of the diaphragm wall and / or the top beam is to resist the spreading force of the two piers?
It's hard to see this wall in the collapse video https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSU8GozlAKc, but if you look carefully , you can just about convince yourself that "something" explodes between the legs, and at 0'14", you can see a dark line down the centre of the far pier - is this where the diaphragm wall just pulled away?
Is this a case of inadequate horizontal tension capacity (either by poor design / detailing, or construction defect) of the diaphragm wall between the two inclined piers?
http://julianh72.blogspot.com
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
There were tower cranes next to each tower. A red one next to the remaining tower and a blue one that is now in the rubble.
It appears to me the initial failure was a tension failure in the diaphragm under the deck that was holding the two V-struts together. The deck is entirely supported by cables so I doubt that thee was any deck loading onto this diaphragm or the beam at the top of the diaphragm.
In one picture there are the tops of what appear to be two towers that are visible behind the mountain in the background. There maybe another similar bridge on the other side of the mountain. Perhaps the $2 billion dollars is the cost of the whole road project and not just this one bridge.
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
I'm struck by a couple of things.
One - how similar is this bridge? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ErBcdjgGtv8
The key difference is that the collapsed bridge is really a tower supported cable stay and is not symmetrical. I can only imagine that once the longer section exceeds the section length attached to the hillside, then as it extends outwards you constantly need to tighten up those three supporting cables anchored to the hillside to prevent any bending of the slim tower structure. I doubt that structure can withstand any bending load but how you accurately monitor the bending is maybe a key issue?
Remember - More details = better answers
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RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
But then, the Mexican bridge isn't symmetrical either. There are supports under the deck on one side of each tower with the deck only hanging from the cables on the other side. I don't believe the cable angle or lengths are symmetric either.
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
Bill
--------------------
"Why not the best?"
Jimmy Carter
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
Video: Link
Photos:
Link
Link
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8MwaPZPldvs
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
Look at the photos which epoxybot linked 17:36. There is a wall there. Details unknown.
There are/were only two towers, so am not sure what smaller towers you are talking about.
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
Bill
--------------------
"Why not the best?"
Jimmy Carter
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
https://www.enr.com/articles/43848-colombia-launch...
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
If you look at the photos and videos posted here and others linked when you watch you tube you can see the initial deck was built from both sides to the tower before the tower is completed and appear still be there just before the collapse.
The blue tower Crambe was also attached to the tower by three ties.
Makes you wonder if the installation engineering allowed for all these temporary but constantly changing loads. If some of the deck load was actually taken by the temporary supports and not the cables as the deck extends further out the stresses on the tower would be quite different to its final design load.
Unless there is more footage we can't see I wonder if they will ever really understand what happened.
Remember - More details = better answers
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RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
This suggests to me the tee might not have been adequately connected to the V columns, also of note is the large amount of reinforcement exposed in the diaphragm wall, but nothing similar visible in the tee (nothing exposed to the same extent at least).
I'd expect quite a lot of reinforcement in the 'tee' if you consider a strut/tie model of what is going on. Distributed wall reinforcement won't achieve the same. Combined with what others are saying it may have simply unzipped at the pier/tee intersection due to insufficient tie reinforcement tying the two sides of the pier together.
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSU8GozlAKc
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
TTFN (ta ta for now)
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RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/colombia-brid...
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
I agree with Agent666, and others, who have recognized the perceived 'weak link' in the delta-tower tie element.
I did a bunch of 'construction' engineering for this bridge back in the early 1990's:
I worked for a consulting engineering company who was engaged by the contractor to provide engineering to numerous aspects of the bridge construction - from delta tower jump forms, approach spans, staged construction analysis etc. The element that tied the sloping legs of the delta-towers (directly below the superstructure deck) was a significantly sized post-pensioned element, with a bunch of PT tendons. The photo below shows the stressing recesses where many PT tendon anchorages were accommodated and later concrete-patched.
Delta-towers are very common for cable-stayed bridges. It would be interesting to see the engineering drawings of the tower for this Columbia bridge.
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
The idea or a post tensioned element clearly makes sense and makes you wonder why the web was being constructed in the first place. Most other towers like this don't seem to have it? Was it being used instead of a tensioned element at the bridge deck level?
Interesting picture from 3Ddave if you look at the bottom of the concrete. The square base appears to be sitting on a circular shaft type foundation that is smaller than the base?
Remember - More details = better answers
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RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
TTFN (ta ta for now)
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RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
Sure it can. 'Precompress' the concrete to such a magnitude that, under the applied/sustained tension, there is still a resulting net compressive action.
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
TTFN (ta ta for now)
I can do absolutely anything. I'm an expert! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BKorP55Aqvg
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RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
Bill
--------------------
"Why not the best?"
Jimmy Carter
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
Remember - More details = better answers
Also: If you get a response it's polite to respond to it.
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
Original Press Release 01/18/18 here.
Original Press Release 01/26/18 here..
Jan 31 has come and gone (as LitteInch stated) - no preliminary technical report/s released thus far, it seems.
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
Communique dated 02 02 18
Emphasis is mine.
It appears the report has not been released to the public.
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
Source
And this also dated Jan 31:
Source
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
The demolition will be interesting. Drone emplaced explosives? Missile?
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
https://www.bnamericas.com/en/news/infrastructure/...
"Preliminary reports on the collapse of a suspension bridge on Colombia's Bogotá-Villavicencio highway point to an apparent design flaw in one..."
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
Preliminary reports on the collapse of a suspension bridge on Colombia's Bogotá-Villavicencio highway point to an apparent design flaw in one of the cross beams of the structure.
The first study, done by the project's auditor Consorcio Interconcesiones with Mexican firm Mexpresa, recommended demolishing the section of the 459m structure that remained after the accident on January 15 that killed nine workers, the transport ministry said via its Twitter account.
Minister Germán Cardona said that concessionaire Coviandes was responsible for the design of the bridge and it must decide if it will demolish the rest of the bridge or repair the structure.
"This concessionaire had the obligation to deliver the bridge by June, so the respective sanctions will be applied, and in case the structure is rebuilt, no resources from the nation will be allocated to it," Cardona said via his office's Twitter account.
The ministry also decided to close the road in order to prevent further accidents.
Meanwhile, Coviandes announced that it will carry out an investigation of its own into accident, and that it has hired US firm Modjeski and Masters to do the studies, daily Portafolio reported.
Work on the highway between capital Bogotá and the city of Villavicencio entails widening and maintaining a 45.5km stretch between El Tablón and Chirajara, including four tunnels and 15 viaducts and bridges. Investment in the stretch is put at 2tn pesos (US$700mn). The work is part of the government's 4G highways program.
If the government stands by its public statement, the company will still officially need to re-build the bridge at its own cost ( or its insurers).
Remember - More details = better answers
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RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
This weakness in the currently-standing tower... does it only exist in the standing tower (i.e., may/may not have been caused by the other tower's collapse), or is it a design flaw that likely existed in the collapsed tower, as well (and possibly the cause)?
Dan - Owner
http://www.Hi-TecDesigns.com
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
This would make me think the original designers made a mistake in either calculating the applied tension load in the cross beam, or a mistake detailing the connection of the diaphragm to sustain those loads.
I suppose, there could also be defective construction materials or a mistake made on site...
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
Remember - More details = better answers
Also: If you get a response it's polite to respond to it.
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
The problem I see is that you will have more tension at the top of the diaphragm, with the tension reducing the further down the leg / diaphragm interface you move.
Perhaps they did not account for this properly (e.g. assumed the tension was constant at any point in the diaphragm / leg interface)? This would lead to local overstress at the top of the diaphragm and 'unzipping' of the diaphragm from the tower leg. To me, that is what the video seems to show just below the deck on the furthest leg.
Then again, I might be totally wrong!
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
Now which of the structural elements failed first isn't clear - beam or web?
Remember - More details = better answers
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RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
An expert says that the images, revealed by the CM & newscast, would indicate problems in the construction or design.
The Noticiero CM & revealed a video recorded by a security camera where the Chirajara bridge collapsed. In the circle it is observed how the bases of the structure yield.
Argelino Duran, President of the Colombian Society of Engineers, says that the video would reveal problems in the construction or in the design or in those two variables.
"The support column of the bridge that in that area where the road goes opens in two in a geometry as a diamond begins to move and begin to break the vertices of that rhombus and the diamond, which was elongated, ends up trying to become like square as it falls. Those columns that were part of the diamond did not support the effort that at that time they had to endure, "said Durán.
The engineer Duran, warned that it is necessary to thoroughly review the part of the viaduct that remained standing and does not rule out that it must be demolished.
QBE Seguros, the company that has the policy that protects the construction of the structure of the Chirajara bridge, assures that it will wait for the end of the investigation to respond.
"Our obligation is to investigate the events that occurred, we have a team of internal and external experts who are in the work reviewing what happened and trying to find the cause of the incident," says Antonio Sales, vice president of QBE Seguros.
However, the vice president of the insurer says that the work has several policies and that some of them must already be responding for the nine people who died and the eight who were injured.
"From the insurance point of view, different types of insurance operate here, for the victims are the personal accident policies, the group life policies and the ARL policies," adds Sales.
Only when the investigation is over can the operation be started to remove the debris from the bridge from the bottom of the canyon. For now the government estimates that the collapse of the bridge will delay the delivery of the dual carriageway to Llano for at least two years.
https://noticias.caracoltv.com/colombia/columnas-n...
Commission of international experts that analyzed the area warned that what affected the collapsed part could be replicated in the second.
The three American engineers members of the American Concrete Institute who visited the area concluded that the part of the bridge that is still standing presents a latent risk of collapse.
"They have been able to detect that the current bridge say that it is presenting a cracking that can make the collapse of this structure imminent," said Transport Minister Germán Cardona.
For this reason, the Ministry of Transportation informed the Coviandes concessionaire so that it immediately takes measures to guarantee the lives of the people who work in the area.
The president of the ANI explained that the North American experts have extensive experience in collapsed structures around the world and that they will deliver their report in one or two weeks.
https://noticias.caracoltv.com/colombia/tendria-qu...
Coviandes, concessionaire of the road between Bogotá and Villavicencio, signed a contract with the American firm Modjeski and Masters (M & M), to carry out the studies and analyzes that allow determining the possible causes that led to the collapse of stack B of the Chirajara bridge, which is part of the works of the double carriageway in the second section of this road corridor.
Do not rule out demolishing remaining section of Chirajara bridge
The chosen firm will be accompanied by the American Geotechnical Engineering Services (Ages), with the aim of deepening the geotechnical analysis.
According to Coviandes, after doing a study of 20 foreign firms, the selection of Modjeski and Masters was made not only taking into account their great experience in this type of research, but also to "guarantee total independence and transparency in their conclusions".
As part of the contract signed, this February 1 will arrive in the country, to move to the site of the incident, eight officials of the firm, who in addition to their studies of Master and PhD have extensive experience in design and analysis of structures, as well as research forensics of bridge collapse. "The team will be led by M & M vice president Thomas Murphy," added the concessionaire.
The specialists will evaluate the causes of the incident on the Chirajara bridge, study the current condition of the bridge foundations and make an exhaustive review of all the designs of the structure. "The activities include sampling of parts of the collapsed structure and quality verification tests, thorough review of the construction procedures, the results of the tests that served to verify the quality of the works and compliance with standards," added Coviandes.
http://www.eltiempo.com/economia/empresas/expertos...
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
Source: Link
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
Thanks for posting that link.
Two images from that link that seem to support the more probable cause being failure of the tie-beam:
2] Significantly-sized vertical crack, that appears to be inboard of the tower column, within the web-diaphragm:
Also, it has been previously reported that similar cracks (and pending failure/collapse?) have been observed in the other tower - so this further suggests the tie-beam is the probable cause. However, granted, that all aspects need to be investigated, including foundations.
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
One would hope so - otherwise it was negligent to NOT report and act upon such a crack BEFORE the collapse.
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
It would be oddly coincidental for the crack to be the existing tower and only to have appeared AFTER the collapse. I'm tempted to think that the cracks existed and were explained away by management intent on completing the bridge before the overrun got much worse.
TTFN (ta ta for now)
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RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
The consulting engineer, who had initially declined to participate due to health reasons and remained in his home hundreds of miles away, was contacted multiple times and for reasons that are unclear found excuses. When the worker situation became critical he was contacted again. He eventually sent back word to cease work and vacate the bridge.
While those responsible for the site discussed what to do, the bridge collapsed, taking 86 workers with it and killing 75 of them.
I found another report, "Collapse of the Quebec Bridge, 1907.pdf" at
https:\\engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1020&context=encee_facpub
Similarly the Shuttle O-ring failure.
People get used to unexpected failure and start to ignore it because nothing bad has happened yet.
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
TTFN (ta ta for now)
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RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
And if you slab (on-grade) is with UNbonded PT, it is probably cracked too!
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
First Report of Mexpresa.
There was only twelve 0.6" tendons in the tension direction and 122 tendons in transversal orientation.
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
I would hazard to guess that something must have seriously gone wrong with the design for the cross tie to have that low level of reinforcement. Guess time will tell why it made it through into the construction.
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
The existing prestress in the braces is....................316.92 ton which is less than existing tension load of 375.48 ton.....
The remaining tower is cracking and has been declared in imminent danger of collapse.
Bill
--------------------
"Why not the best?"
Jimmy Carter
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
Can probably this low cost may one of the cause.
Constructors can't contract suitable proffesionals with these low costs?
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
What is your source for the $25M?
Others have previously posted that the bridge cost was in the billions.
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
That's around 25 millions!
Maybe the low cost can be a indirect cause of Collapse. Because contractor can see his profit reduced by hiring ideal staff.
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
Remember - More details = better answers
Also: If you get a response it's polite to respond to it.
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
TTFN (ta ta for now)
I can do absolutely anything. I'm an expert! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BKorP55Aqvg
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RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
Why do you think is not reliable? It's a joke?
RE: major Colombia bridge collapses during construction
"Aunque es preciso esperar a que terminen las investigaciones, las autoridades señalaron que en principio la parte del puente que permanece en pie no debe estar afectada ya que es una estructura independiente."
Linking the failure to the low price is useless. It's not clear that some larger amount of money would have made up for what appears to be an engineering oversight. There have been a number of top-dollar projects that have suffered huge structural failures. They might have doubled the spending and still not have properly dealt with this failure mode.